Abstract: OBJECTIVE To discuss the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)， cognitive domain and risk factors. METHODS According to the TCM syndrome differentiation scale for vascular dementia， 372 patients were divided into different groups with different symptoms. Patients' risk factors information was collected， and Montreal Cognitive Scale (MoCA) was applied to assess patients' cognitive function and made correlation analysis of TCM symptoms， MoCA cognitive domain and risk factors. RESULTS The result of Exact Logistic Regression showed that kidney essence deficiency symptom was connected with view space (P＜0.01，OR=0.305)， attention (P＜0.05，OR=0.469)， delayed recall (P＜0.01，OR=0.380)， orientation (P＜0.05，OR=0.447)， age (P＜0.01，OR=1.141) and body mass index (BMI) (P＜0.01，OR=1.363). Phlegm-turbidity obstructing orifices symptom was relevant to naming ability (P＜0.05，OR=0.298)， language competence (P＜0.01，OR=0.336)， delayed recall (P＜0.01，OR=0.498)， orientation (P＜0.05，OR=1.887)， BMI (P＜0.05，OR=1.267)， hypertension (P＜0.01，OR=5.850) and smoking (P＜0.05，OR=5.589). Blood stasis obstructing collaterals symptom was associated with orientation (P＜0.05，OR=0.571)， BMI (P＜0.05，OR=1.283)， hypertension (P＜0.01，OR=19.215)， diabetes (P＜0.01，OR=5.214) and smoking (P＜0.05，OR=6.188). Ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang symptom was correlative with attention (P＜0.05，OR=2.153)， abstract thinking (P＜0.01，OR=0.042)， orientation (P＜0.05，OR=2.432)， age (P＜0.05，OR=1.116)， hypertension (P=0.01，OR=20.787)， smoking (P＜0.01，OR=15.289) and sleep quality (P＜0.05，OR=0.065). CONCLUSION TCM symptoms of VCI have different kinds of damage of cognitive domain and risk factors' characteristics， which can provide a basis for the diagnosis and intervention treatment in the early stage.