Abstract: The paper analyzed Zhou Shenzhai's thought characteristic of deficiency syndrome differentiation by regulating the spleen and stomach. Doctor Zhou， a distinguished doctor in the Ming dynasty， held that deficiency of spleen and stomach was the root cause of the deficiency and put forward that in terms of deficiency， "even if there are different symptoms， regulating spleen and stomach can relive them". He applied his original "Twenty-six-character diagnosis and treatment strategy" into specific therapeutic methods， regarded regulating and tonifying as the main methods， combined with other methods like consolidating， guiding， purging， clearing and harmonizing. Besides， he proposed that pulse condition can manifest and predict the transforming of deficiency.