Abstract: This paper introduced the results of the Fourth National Survey of Chinese Materia Medica in Jiangsu Province. There were 2 173 species of Chinese medicine resources in Jiangsu Province. Compared with the results of the Third National Survey of Chinese Materia Medica in 1980's， there were more than 715 species. One new plant species， five new distribution and new introduced resource plants were found. Based on the comparative analysis of the changes in the number of Chinese materia medica in Jiangsu Province between the third and the fourth National Survey of Chinese Materia Medica， this paper analyzed the causes of the large increase or decrease of varieties in the fourth census of Jiangsu Province. It also summarized and prospected from the aspects of serving the development of local industries， improving scientific research ability and improving the quality of personnel training.