Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effects of Anoectochilus Roxburghii liquid in treating oral ulcer due to chemotherapy for childhood leukemia. METHODS 76 children with oral ulcer due to chemotherapy for childhood leukemia were randomly divided into control group(40 cases) treated with Kaijiankou Sprayer and treatment group(36 cases) treated with Anoectochilus Roxburghii liquid. Mouth ulceration and its pain degree of both groups were compared before and after treatment together with the total clinical effects. RESULTS The treatment group possessed evident advantages over the control group in improving oral ulcerative areas(P<0.05). The treatment group was superior in relieving the pain to the control group(P<0.05). And the ulcer classification of the treatment group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05). No evident side effects were detected in the two groups. CONCULSION Anoectochilus Roxburghii liquid has better clinical effects than Kaijiankou sprayer in treating oral ulcer due to chemotherapy for childhood leukemia， which deserves wide clinical application and promotion.