Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Taohong Siwu Decoction on inflammatory factors and hemorheology in patients with femoral shaft fracture after surgery. METHODS 79 patients with femoral shaft fracture after surgery in the control group were treated with conventional therapy while the equal number of patients in the study group were given Taohong Siwu Decoction. The clinical curative effect， TCM syndrome， interleukin-1(IL-1)， interleukin-6(IL-6)， tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)， whole blood high shear viscosity (ηhigh)， whole blood midst shear viscosity(ηmidst)， whole blood low shear viscosity (ηlow)， plasma viscosity(ηplasm)， hematocrit value(HCT)， white blood cell(WBC) count and sedimentation equation-K value of both groups were compared. RESULTS The total curative effects of study group and control group were 97.02% and 79.75% respectively(P<0.01). Both groups experienced a decrease in pain， swelling， ecchymosis， IL1， IL6， TNFα， ηhigh， ηmidst， ηlow， ηplasm， HCT， WBC and sedimentation equation-K value and the treatment group was more superior to the control group(P<0.05~0.01). CONCULSION Taohong Siwu Decoction can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response and improve hemorheology indexes and clinical symptom for patients with femoral shaft fracture after surgery.