Abstract: As a common hemorrhagic disease in children， immune thrombocytopenia is always treated with the same method as blood trouble by modern doctors via referencing the relevant theory recorded in the ancient literatures. Taking Xiaoer Weisheng Zongwei Lunfang for instance， it has recorded pathogenesis， treatment methods and prescription of blood trouble in children， which provides clinical reference for treating children with immune thrombocytopenia. From the textbook， the pathogenesis of children blood trouble should be heat over-restraining blood and qi. The treatment should focus on clearing away heat， assisted with removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding with astringents. Herbs should be chosen based on their meridian tropisms together with bleeding locations and characteristics of diseased organs. Although partial formulations are seldomly used in the clinical practice， it still provides guidance for application of Chinese herb decoction.