Abstract: Relationship between visceral differentiation and syndrome factor differentiation was explored and contrasted from the following five perspectives: theory knowledge， principles of syndrome differentiation， division of disease location， thinking pattern， specifications of syndrome names. It is proved that there existed similarities between them in theory knowledge and principles of syndrome differentiation and the establishment of a new unified system for syndrome differentiation was put forward， with disease location and disease character being the core of syndrome differentiation. While the differences were detected between the two in the division of disease location， thinking pattern and specifications of syndrome names， for the disease location of visceral differentiation was divided based on the five zang-organs system and the differentiation was made in accordance with disease character， with both common basic syndrome and compound syndrome being summarized. Hence， the syndrome was expounded in a more logical and systematic way. While syndrome factor differentiation was made by following the pattern of “ syndrome-syndrome factors-syndrome names” and the disease location was divided by time-space， with weighted-sum threshold logic operation and syndrome differentiation scale being applied， reaching the results of quantizing information and providing stronger operability. Visceral differentiation is the further development and innovation of syndrome factor differentiation， with a more systemic division of disease location， more logical thinking pattern and more specifications of syndrome names. Hence， combining different syndrome differentiation methods together will promote the development of modern theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation.