Abstract: Radix Semiaquilegiae (Tiankuizi in Chinese)， the root of Semiaquilegia adoxoides， has been widely used in China， according to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle， it has effect of heat clearing and detoxicating， detumescence， lump dissipation. The main components of Radix Semiaquilegiae are alkaloids， cyano compounds and nitro compounds， phenolic acids. This review summarizes the achievements of the investigations in phytochemistry on Radix Semiaquilegiae in order to provide reference for further study.