Abstract: To explore the methods of professor ZHOU Zhongying for syndrome differentiation of epidemic hemorrhagic fever based on dialectical thinking. The following three aspects as simplifing the basic pathogenesis by removing complications， recognizing the convention and being adaptable to changing circumstances by activating the syndrome differentiation， seeking for the truth through proof by contradiction and digging out the theory defect via therapeutic effects exploration are cited to analyze and explore the dialectical thinking of professor ZHOU Zhongying.