Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the Shuilu Erxian Pill on the spleen indexes of rats with deficiency syndrome by pharmacological experiments as well as the influence on GAS， SS， MTL， MS， LDH and SDH in serum， in order to explore the mechanism of Shuilu Erxian Pill for treating deficiency syndrome. METHODS Water， 95% ethanol extraction and processed samples from process of waste solution were prepared for studying the effect of the samples on rats with deficiency syndrome due to dietary disorder. RESULTS the model rats with deficiency syndrome were lower than that of the control group. GAS， SS， MTL， AMS and LDH levels in serum were significantly lower， and SDH content was also higher compared with control group. GAS， SS and MTL and AMS， LDH content in the serum of rats of the Shuilu Erxian Pill water extraction high-dose group， middle-dose group and small-dose group were higher than that of model group， while SDH was lower than that of the control group. There were significant differences in water extraction high-dose group and middle-dose group compared with the model group. Though GAS， SS and MTL， AMS，LDH content in rats serum of high-dose group and middle-dose group of the Shuilu Erxian Pill extraction were slightly higher than the model group and SDH content was slightly lower， there was no significant difference among three groups， compared with the model group. CONCLUSION The effective components of Shuilu Erxian Pill for deficiency syndrome were water-soluble. The mechanism of Shuilu Erxian Pill for deficiency syndrome was related to the increasing of spleen index， GAS， SS， MTL， AMS， and LDH， and the reduction of SDH. The effective components had a better effect compared with alcohol extraction.