Abstract: Cyclophosphamide (CTX), as a core drug in clinical antitumor therapy, continues to play an important role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the prevention and management of graft-versus-host disease. However, the hematopoietic dysfunction caused by the myelosuppressive effects of CTX not only severely compromises patients' quality of life and clinical therapeutic outcomes, but also readily causes damage to the immune system, increases the risk of infection, and thus further threatens patients' life and health. In-depth elucidation of the mechanisms of CTX action and the development of precise intervention strategies can not only alleviate the side effects of CTX, but also enhance therapeutic benefits by improving the body's overall condition. This article summarizes the latest research progress on the mechanisms of CTX-induced myelosuppression, and reviews traditional Chinese medicine intervention regimens with potential for alleviating CTX-induced myelosuppression. These studies will provide intervention ideas and strategies for ameliorating the myelosuppressive side effects of CTX.