Abstract: Thrombocytopenia represents one of the most pressing challenges currently facing clinical medicine. The complications arising from thrombocytopenic disorders and their detrimental effects on coagulation pose significant difficulties for healthcare professionals undertaking surgical interventions and other therapeutic measures. Moreover, contemporary chemical pharmaceuticals carry substantial toxic side effects and exhibit considerable interactions between different drugs. During treatment, it is often unavoidable to encounter multiple drug interactions when combining medications, while simultaneously meeting the heightened safety requirements for special populations such as the elderly and children. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop effective countermeasures. Peanut skins, serving both as a traditional Chinese medicinal ingredient and as a component of the edible peanut, possess exceptional safety profiles and minimal potential for drug interactions, demonstrating considerable advantages in addressing thrombocytopenia. This paper summarises the compounds within peanut skins that exhibit thrombopoietic effects and their potential mechanisms. It analyses the advantages and limitations of different processing methods for peanut skins, aiming to provide theoretical foundations and research directions for exploring the application of peanut skins in addressing thrombocytopenia.