Abstract: Colorectal cancer, as the second most common malignant tumor in terms of incidence rate and the fourth in terms of mortality rate in China, poses a serious threat to national health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer due to its advantages in enhancing efficacy, reducing toxicity, preventing recurrence and metastasis, improving quality of life, and prolonging survival. Based on the theory of state-target differentiation and treatment proposed by academician Tong Xiaolin, this article divides the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer into three states (three stages): dampness, blood stasis, and deficiency, determines the corresponding state-regulating formulas and commonly used target drugs for each stage, and constructs a state-target differentiation and treatment system for colorectal cancer, with the aim of improving the clinical efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment.