Abstract: The clinical prevention and treatment of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) faces numerous challenges. Exploring the scientific basis and effective methods of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in preventing and treating this disease is therefore crucial. Given the increasing incidence, drug resistance, refractory nature, and increasing number of severe cases of pediatric MPP, this article, based on the TCM theory of "preventing disease before it occurs", explains the scientific connotations, etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment principles of TCM in preventing and treating this disease across different stages of its development, from susceptibility and infection to treatment and rehabilitation. Based on the characteristics of the pathogenesis at each stage, and combining modern pharmacological and clinical evidence, corresponding prevention and treatment strategies are proposed. This aims to further develop and explore the potential mechanisms and clinical advantages of TCM in the prevention and treatment of pediatric MPP.