Abstract: Based on the functions of dispersion and descent of lung qi and the characteristics of pediatric pulmonary diseases, this paper summarizes the key pathogenesis of "lung qi imbalance" in pediatric pulmonary diseases. Considering the characteristics of children's constitution and the co-existing pathological conditions, it proposes the academic viewpoint that "the treatment of pediatric pulmonary diseases should be guided by regulating lung qi", forming a treatment system centered on regulating lung qi and simultaneously regulating the qi of multiple organs. In clinical practice, the differentiation-treatment approach follows the principle of "identifying the pathogenesis, establishing the main treatment method, and supplementing with auxiliary methods". On the one hand, it is necessary to accurately identify the core pathogenesis of impaired lung qi dispersion, impaired lung qi descent, and lung qi deficiency, and apply corresponding methods of dispersing lung qi, descending lung qi, and tonifying lung qi. On the other hand, for children with special constitutions and the characteristics of latent wind as a predisposing factor, as well as secondary pathological changes in pediatric pulmonary diseases, it is necessary to consider the interrelationships between the lungs and spleen, lungs and kidneys, and lungs and liver, and supplement with dispelling wind and regulating qi method, strengthening soil and nourishing medal, promoting the mutual generation of metal and water, and suppressing wood and calming metal, thereby achieving the goal of treating both the root and the symptoms. This provides theoretical reference and practical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of pediatric pulmonary diseases.