Abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the acute respiratory infections it induced have become a global key public health issue. However, the existing antiviral drugs are insufficient and have limitations such as drug resistance, limited applicability, and high toxic side effects, which urgently require the development of new therapeutic methods and drugs. As an important part of traditional medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its compound preparations have rich clinical accumulation and potential advantages in the field of antiviral therapy. Their unique targets and multi-link synergistic effects are highly compatible with the complex pathogenic network of RSV. The article aims to describe the infection pathway and key targets of RSV, summarize the progress and shortcomings of existing therapeutic methods, and systematically analyze the regulatory mechanism and drug potential of TCM and its compound preparations on different stages of viral infection, so as to provide reference for improving the prevention and control capabilities and developing new antiviral drugs in China.