Abstract: The knowledge organization work in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) aims to establish a systematic TCM knowledge system, contributing to the discovery, sharing, and application of knowledge resources. From the perspective of knowledge organization, this paper classifies the TCM knowledge system based on technological development generations and degrees of structuralization. Seven representative and distinctive knowledge organization systems in the TCM field were selected, including encyclopedias, dictionaries, classification schemes, subject headings, ontologies, semantic networks, and knowledge graphs. The characteristics of each knowledge system are identified and future research directions are analyzed. The progress of knowledge organization application research relies on the support of knowledge organization systems. This paper elaborates on the application scope of TCM knowledge organization systems from three aspects: literature indexing and retrieval, clinical decision support, and intelligent knowledge service construction. Finally, it emphasizes that knowledge organization models will develop toward achieving multimodal, fine-grained knowledge organization and advanced reasoning applications, continuously improving the TCM knowledge organization system and fully exploiting its application potential.