贻贝主要化学成分分析及其不同季节差异研究

Analysis of the Main Chemical Components and Seasonal Differences of Mussels

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析舟山嵊泗贻贝不同采收月份中多类型资源化学成分差异，同时比较不同产地贻贝成分差异，为其资源综合利用提供思路。
    方法 分别采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UHPLC-QqQ-MS)、分光光度法对舟山嵊泗全年12个月份及5个不同产地的贻贝中核苷类、氨基酸类、水溶性蛋白、总糖、多糖成分含量进行分析评价；利用主成分分析法(PCA)、偏最小二乘判别法(PLS-DA)及TOPSIS法对贻贝进行综合评价。
    结果 贻贝中检测出氨基酸成分16种，核苷成分11种。舟山嵊泗贻中的全年总氨基酸类平均含量为4 851.74 μg·g-1，总核苷类平均含量为921.40 μg·g-1，水溶性蛋白、多糖、总糖平均含量分别为51.32 mg·g-1、74.39 μg·g-1、417.22 mg·g-1。嵊泗贻贝核苷类成分3、4月份最高，氨基酸类成分、水溶性蛋白4、5月份最高，多糖、总糖成分10、11月份最高。不同资源化学成分的PCA、PLS-DA结果表明，不同季节采收的舟山嵊泗贻贝样品存在较大差异。熵权TOPSIS法分析表明，舟山嵊泗贻贝3、4月份(S7、S8)综合得分优于其他地区，且嵊泗贻贝4月份(S8)综合得分最高，确定为最佳采收月份。
    结论 基于多类型资源化学比较结果表明，嵊泗贻贝不同采收季节资源化学成分存在较大差异，嵊泗贻贝品质优于其他地区，4月为其最佳采收季节，可为贻贝质量评价和综合开发利用提供参考。

     

    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in chemical composition of mussels from Shengsi, Zhoushan in different harvest months, and to compare the differences in the composition of mussels from different origins, so as to provide ideas for the comprehensive utilization of its resources.
    METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) and spectrophotometry were used to analyze and evaluate the contents of nucleosides, amino acids, water-soluble proteins, total sugars and polysaccharides in mussels from Shengsi, Zhoushan in 12 months of the year and from 5 different origins; principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant method (PLS-DA) and TOPSIS method were used to comprehensively evaluate mussels.
    RESULTS A total of 16 amino acids and 11 nucleosides were detected in mussels. The average content of total amino acids in Shengsi mussels throughout the year was 4 851.74 μg ·g-1, the average content of total nucleosides was 921.40 μg ·g-1, and the average contents of water-soluble protein, polysaccharides, and total sugars were 51.32 mg ·g-1, 74.39 μg ·g-1, and 417.22 mg ·g-1, respectively. The nucleosides of Shengsi mussels were the highest in March and April, the amino acids and water-soluble proteins were the highest in April and May, and the polysaccharides and total sugars were the highest in October and November. The PCA and PLS-DA results of the chemical components of different resources showed that there were great differences in Shengsi mussel samples harvested in different seasons. The entropy weight TOPSIS analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of Shengsi mussels in March and April (S7 and S8) were better than those in other areas, and the comprehensive score of Shengsi mussels in April (S8) was the highest, which was determined to be the best harvesting month.
    CONCLUSION The comparison results of multi-type resource chemistry show that there are great differences in the chemical composition of Shengsi mussels in different harvesting seasons; the quality of Shengsi mussels is better than that of other areas; April is the best harvesting season, providing a reference for the quality evaluation and comprehensive development and utilization of mussels.

     

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