Abstract: Huangqin Decoction is a classic formula published in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Famous Prescriptions (the Second Batch). This paper systematically collates, researches and analyzes the ancient and modern clinical literature that records Huangqin Decoction, sorts out key issues such as the prescription origin, composition, medicine origin, processing method, usage and dosage, efficacy and indications of Huangqin Decoction, and performs predictive analysis on its quality markers (Q-Marker) to provide literature and theoretical support for the clinical application and preparation development of Huangqin Decoction from the entire process of textual research-preparation development-quality evaluation. After analysis and research, it is found that Huangqin Decoction is derived from Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Damage. It consists of Scutellaria baicalensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, and Glycyrrhiza, with Jujube serving as the guiding herb. The medicine origin follows the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Scutellaria baicalensis and Radix Paeoniae Alba are taken in the raw form; Glycyrrhiza is lightly fried and Jujubes with sliced pieces. The doasge of medicine is 11.19 of Scutellaria baicalensis, 7.46 g of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Glycyrrhiza, and jujubes are added or subtracted according to the situation. The method of preparation and administration is that all herbs are added with 2 000 mL of water, decocting to 600 mL. The decoction can be consumed warm 3 times a day at any suitable time. The formula was commonly used in ancient times for dysentery, but now it is also used for other digestive system diseases such as ulcerative colitis and chronic colitis, which are mainly characterized by diarrhea. The suggested Q-markers for Huangqin Decoction are baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid.