Abstract: Chronic kidney disease(CKD) refers to chronic renal structure and dysfunction caused by various causes, including various primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, renal tubular injury and renal vascular lesions. The complex mechanisms and the lack of specific treatment make the disease become a major problem threatening human life and health. Based on the "gut-kidney axis" theory, etiology of intestinal flora studies provide a new perspective for the study of the mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of intestinal microecology in the CKD, summarize the research status of treating CKD with intestinal flora as target and traditional chinese medicine or prebiotics (probiotics) as intervention approaches. These studies provide an important theoretical basis for new treatment strategies of chronic kidney disease.