Abstract: In recent years, with the increase of studies on the correlation between respiratory diseases and gut microbiota, the theory of "Superficies-Interior Relationship between Lung and Large Intestine" in traditional Chinese medicine and the concept of "lung-intestine" axis in modern medicine has been paid more attention by international and domestic scholars. Taking the diagnosis and treatment concepts and methods of traditional Chinese medicine into account, this paper summarizes the interaction between gut microbiota and common respiratory diseases in children such as pneumonia, asthma, allergic rhinitis to provide reference for the scientific interpretation of traditional Chinese medicine theory that "Superficies-Interior Relationship between Lung and Large Intestine".