Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the advancement of research and strategy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of viral pneumonia in children. In addition to influenza virus, there are several bottleneck issues in the prevention and treatment of viral pneumonia in children. At the moment, western medicine treatment is primarily symptomatic, there is still a dearth of efficient prevention and treatment methods in clinical practice. TCM provides clear advantages in the prevention and treatment of viral pneumonia in children. The unique pathological features, etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, and treatment rules of children's viral pneumonia are integrated in this research to identify safe and effective preventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitation prescriptions. In order to provide some reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment strategy of childhood viral pneumonia, the research progress was explained from the perspectives of improving clinical symptoms, inhibiting viral fusion and replication, increasing respiratory antibody levels, inhibiting inflammatory factors, regulating pulmonary immune inflammation, and enhancing immune function.