Abstract: Taking the cases of edema and strangury in the Single-copy Edition of Zhang Jianzhai's Case Records Handwritten by Zou Yunxiang as representative, this study analyzes the characteristics of the differentiation and treatment of kidney-related syndromes and diseases according to Zhang Jianzhai. In the differentiation and treatment of edema, Zhang Jianzhai often used the treatment methods of evacuating and inducing sweating, conducting and promoting urination, as well as unblocking yang and transforming qi. As for the differentiation and treatment of strangury, the treatment of curing kidney was often combined with treatments of strengthening the spleen and regulating the lung, supplementing the center and boosting qi, or evacuating and directing counterflow downward. In addition, the medicine was also often applied flexibly combined with decocting while wrapping pills and powder to form a decoction.