Abstract: The kidney system mainly includes the kidney and its associated organs and tissues like bladder, life-gate, uterus, essence chamber, two lower orifices, marrow, bone, ear, hair, and teeth. Through collecting clinical cases of the kidney system, the authors referred to the ancient Chinese medical classics and experts' opinions, systematically summarized and standardized the location and nature characteristic symptoms of the disease, the common basic and compound patterns of the kidney system in clinical practice, thus providing references for the diagnosis of the disease and syndrome of the kidney system.