Abstract: Mailuo and Qiluo are important components of Luobing theory, which is the deepening and application of qi and blood theory in Luobing theory. Based on Luobing theory, this article explores its connection to cardiovascular diseases, arguing that the correlation between qi and blood is the cornerstone of Luobing theory, and that the three-dimensional network system of “Mailuo-Qiluo-Xinluo” maintains the structure and function of the heart. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to Xinluo dysfunction, i.e., if Mailuo does not move blood well and Xinluo cannot be nourished, then Xinluo will be congested or weakened, and the heart will not be stabilized; if Qiluo is stagnant, then Xinluo will be congested and blocked, and the heart will not be able to conduct. Combining the physiological functions and pathological characteristics of Mailuo and Qiluo, it is proposed that Mailuo deficiency is the basis for AF, and Qiluo stasis is the key pathogenic factor. In view of the pathogenesis of heart rhythm disorder caused by Mailuo deficiency and Qiluo stagnation, the article adopts the treatment principle of “taking dredging for practical use, and harmony as the goal”, proposing an treatment method of harmonizing blood and dissolving stasis. The key to treatment lies in harmonizing the Mailuo and dredging the Qiluo, providing new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AF in traditional Chinese medicine.