OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in pharmacological effects and the underlying active constituents of ginger before and after being roasted in rats with spleen and stomach deficiency-cold syndrome and gastric ulcer.
METHODS A rat model of gastric ulcer with spleen and stomach deficiency-cold syndrome was established by the “bitter cold purgation + excessive fatigue + irregular eating” combined with indomethacin gavage. The effects of ginger and roasted ginger on gastric mucosal ulcer index (UI), syndrome scores and serum levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), motilin (MTL), and gastrin (GAS) were compared. A ginger compound database was established, and UPLC-Zeno TOF-MS/MS was used to track the changes in chemical composition, blood-absorbed components, and metabolites before and after roasting.
RESULTS Both ginger (2.10, 1.05 g·kg-1) and roasted ginger (2.10, 1.05 g·kg-1) significantly reduced UI and syndrome scores (P<0.01), increased EGF and MTL levels, and decreased GAS levels (P<0.05). Roasted ginger (2.1 g·kg-1) was more effective than the same dose of ginger (P<0.05). A total of 50 chemical constituents were tentatively identified, with an increase in the relative content of 6-shogaol, curcumin, and zingiberene after roasting, and a decrease in 6-gingerol and gingerol. Twenty-four migration components (8 prototypes and 16 metabolites) were detected in the serum of rats treated with ginger, and 47 migration components (9 prototypes and 38 metabolites) were detected in the serum of rats treated with roasted ginger, primarily consisting of gingerol compounds.
CONCLUSION The migration components in the serum significantly increase with roasted ginger. The enhanced middle-warming and cold-dispelling effects of roasted ginger are related to its promotion of the absorption and metabolic activation of gingerol compounds, such as 6-gingerol.
DownLoad: