Abstract: OBJECTIVE To identify the Fritillaria powder and adulterant. METHODS FIR and scanning electron microscopy were adopted to identify Fritillaria powder and mixture with starch and rice flour. RESULTS The IR one-dimensional spectrum of starch and rice flour was similar to Fritillaria powder， while the two-dimensional spectrum was different. The spectrum of starch and rice flour at 1489cm-1 and 669cm-1 respectively showed difference. The scanning electron microscopy spectrum of Fritillaria powder was also different from mixture with starch and rice flour. CONCLUSION FIR and scanning electron microscopy can identify the Fritillaria powder and adulterant intuitively and effectively and it provide reference for the quality evalution of the Fritillaria powder.