Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the preventive effect of oxaliplatin induced peripheral neuropathy treated by fumigation of Siteng Yixian decoction. METHODS Totally 150 colorectal cancer patients from oncology department Of Hainan provincial hospital of TCM between January 2010 and December 2014 were enrolled in this study. And they were randomized into two groups， with 75 cases in each. The patients in the control group only received oxaliplatin based chemotherapy. While the patients in the treatment group were given the chemotherapy combined with fumigation of Siteng Yixian decoction. The fumigation lasted for forty minutes a time， twice a day. After the treatment of two cycles chemotherapy， the incidence rate and severity classification of peripheral neuropathy was analyzed one month later to evaluate the preventive effect. RESULTS The difference of incidence rate of peripheral neuropathy was significant， with the rate being 18.7% in the treatment group and 56.0% in the control group(P<0.01). The severity classification was evidently higher in the control group(90.37) than those in the treatment group(60.63)， and there exised a statistical significance(P<0.05). Among the patients who had second degree peripheral neuropathy or above， the oxaliplatin accumulative dose was (1 054.76±124.6) in the treatment group and (823.47±190.67) in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Logistic regression indicated that fumigation of Siteng Yixian decoction was the protective factor for the oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSION Fumigation of Siteng Yixian decoction can reduce the incidence rate， decline the severity classification of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and increase the oxaliplatin tolerance dose. It is the independent preventive factor for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.