2020 Vol. 36, No. 2

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Interpretation on the Proposal of Syndrome Differentiation for COVID-19 in Traditional Chinese Medicine by TCM Master Zhou Zhongying
YE Fang, WU Mian-hua, CHENG Hai-bo, LI Liu, FENG Zhe, ZHOU Xue-ping, GUO Li-zhong, ZHOU Zhong-ying
2020, 36(2): 141-144.
[Abstract](499) [PDF 406KB](380)
Abstract:
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19， TCM master Zhou Zhongying has held its pathogenesis was that the virus attacked the upper respiratory tract resulting in dampness which stagnated in the exterior and interior along with the discomfort of the lung and stomach. In addition， he proposed the commonly used syndrome differentiation proposal， including the primary stage， the intermediate stage， the severe stage and the convalescent stage. The paper analyzed the syndrome differentiation proposal from the relationship from plague and pyreticosis， pathogenesis， etiology， treatment principle， therapeutic method and treatment in stages.
A Preliminary Study on the Clinical Characteristics and Chinese Medical Syndrome of 42 Cases of COVID-19 in Nanjing
ZHANGXia, LILiu, DAIGuang-chuan, YEFang, MANan-lan, FENGZhe, HULiang, SHIQian, ZHOUZhong-ying, CHENGHai-bo, YIYong-xiang
2020, 36(2): 145-148.
[Abstract](510) [PDF 693KB](350)
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics and TCM syndrome features of COVID-19 patients in Nanjing area， so as to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS The demographic data， epidemiological data， TCM syndrome information， blood examination data and chest CT plain scan reports of 42 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 (Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine， from January 21 to February 5， 2020) were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The average age of COVID-19 patients in Nanjing was about 43 years old， most of them were male， 95% of them had the history of close contact with the confirmed patients or a history of travelling and living in Hubei， 40% of them were familial aggregation cases. Most of the clinical types were ordinary type (93%). The total number of leukocytes in peripheral blood of patients was normal or decreased， C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in most patients， and 93% of patients had chest imaging features of viral pneumonia. The main symptoms were cough， fever， muscle soreness， expectoration， sweating， thirst， fatigue. The main tongue features were red tongue， thin， white and greasy coat. The main Chinese medical syndromes were dampness trapped in lung (69%) and heat-toxicity stagnation in lung (31%). There was no significant difference in gender and average age distribution among different syndrome types， but there was statistical difference in fever grade among different syndrome types. CONCLSION The preliminary analysis of COVID-19 in Nanjing is mainly based on the syndrome of dampness trapped in lung， the pathological factors are all related to dampness， heat， toxicity and deficiency， and the core of its pathology is "damp-toxicity".
Pondering over COVID-19 Prevented and Treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine
YANG Jin
2020, 36(2): 149-151.
[Abstract](469) [PDF 353KB](337)
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Since the end of 2019， patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia has constantly increased in Wuhan， China. Patients' main clinical manifestations included fever， fatigue， nonproductive cough and a few of them had such complications as rhinobyon， rhinorrhea， pharyngeal discomfort， and diarrhea. It was reported that isolation was regarded as the most effective measure to prevent novel coronavirus pneumonia and the treatment should be differentiated between moderate and severe cases. In clinic， the doctors should give full play to the advantages of characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)， that is， syndrome differentiation， and put an emphasis on the theory and methodology of science of epidemic febrile disease of TCM. In addition， it should also pay attention to the study on the valid prescriptions or ingredients targeting pathogen.
Pondering over the Outbreak of COVID-19 from the Perspective of Medicine of Jingfang
HUANG Huang
2020, 36(2): 152-156.
[Abstract](600) [PDF 895KB](376)
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COVID-19 outbroke in Chinese Wuhan municipality at the end of 2019. The author has pondered over it from the perspective of Medicine of Jingfang. It was hold that although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) just had vague definition of COVID-19， it could not affect the application of precise treatment according to TCM principle of "The prescription is in the light of the symptom". Jingfang has extended over thousands of years and ancient doctors accumulated profound clinical experience of treating seasonal febrile diseases in the long term clinical practice. Therefore， it is feasible to put forward classical prescriptions to treat COVID-19 based on the principle of prescriptions corresponding to syndromes， Modified Xiaochaihu decoction can be applied in accordance with individualized treatment. In clinics， it is essential to prescribe not only for an individual， but also for the population. It is a quite urgent research task to find out appropriate mass formula. Hence， Jingfang Baidu powder and Shishen decoction were proposed as the preventive formula for the population combined with therapeutic methods varying in each individual， like reinforcing method or dispelling therapy.
Treatment Thoughts of COVID-19 Based on Syndrome Differentiation in Traditional Chinese Medcine
XUE Bo-yu
2020, 36(2): 157-160.
[Abstract](484) [PDF 402KB](358)
Abstract:
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an unprecedentedly significant role in preventing and treating COVID-19 since it outbroke in Wuhan in late 2019. TCM has been applied to treat epidemic diseases since ancient times， which has accumulated plenty of empirical experiences for thousands of years. It was held that the pathogenesis of COVID-19 was accumulation and constraint of dampness combined with cold or heat， hyperactivity and inconstancy of pathogenic qi， following progressive pattern of wei-qi-ying-blood but sometimes reversed， and usually attacking the lung and spleen， accompanied by heart invaded in the severe cases. The therapeutic methods should be based on syndrome differentiation in stages with dispelling dampness and fortifying spleen throughout the course. When it comes to specific cases， not only should it dispel epidemic and resole toxins to control progression， but also nourish lung and tonify spleen to consolidate healthy qi. In addition， treatment in accordance with three categories of etiologic factors should also be taken into consideration， as well as adhere to the prevention and treatment simultaneously.
The Sydrome Differentiation of COVID-19 by Scrofula and Cold
ZHAOYu-pei, ZHUYi-min, HUANGBao-ju, ZHANGMao, XUXiao-yong, ZHU-FUYao, WANGCan-hui
2020, 36(2): 161-164.
[Abstract](475) [PDF 432KB](311)
Abstract:
COVID-19 began spreading in Wuhan， China in December 2019. The main clinical manifestation was pyrexia， lassitude and tussiculation. Professor Wang Canhui discussed it from its name， etiology， pathogenesis， syndrome differentiation， therapeutic principle and methods in traditional Chinese medicine. It is held that COVID-19 was an epidemic disease characterized by stagnance， scrofula and cold. The etiology and pathogenesis was pestilential qi attack accompanied by cold-dampness， combined with latent dryness. Syndrome differentiation of qi-nutrient-blood， triple energizer and zang-fu should be applied. The therapeutic principle should be calming and unblocking so as to truncating and reversing as well as relieving Moyuan. As for therapeutic methods， the priority was to clear lung and dissolve toxin with the key to diffuse the lung and relieve cough. These methods can also be applied in accordance with clinical manifestations: Dispelling wind to relive sore throat， removing dampness to drain turbidity， dissolving stasis to unblock the colleterals and reinforcing healthy qi to consolidate the constitution.
Discussion on the Medical Records of COVID-19 from the Perspective of Dampness-Toxin Epidemic Disease
HEWei-hua, DINGNian, ZHENGCheng-hong, CAIWei, LIUJing, LIUQing-quan
2020, 36(2): 165-167.
[Abstract](430) [PDF 351KB](339)
Abstract:
COVID-19 is thought to be one kind of epidemic diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Through the discrimination of two clinical cases， the authors thought COVID-19 was characterized by dampness-toxin as the etiology accompanied with cold or heat. Most patients suffered from cold-dampness symptoms at the beginning and then heat-dampness. However， when it came to the patients inborn with dampness-heat constitution， dampness-heat symptoms were the main clinical manifestation at the initial period. It usually attacked human's lung and spleen. Dispelling dampness and resoling toxin was the main therapeutic method. In addition to dissipating cold to eliminate dampness and clearing heat to dispel dampness， there were other applicable methods， such as promoting qi movement， activating blood to dissolve stasis， tonifying spleen to boost qi. What's more， something pungent， warm， soft， moist， cold and cool should all be avoided. Over and above， it was significant to differentiate patients' aversion to cold early in COVID-19 to exterior patterns in cold.
The Role of the Lung-Gut Axis and the Lung and Gut Microorganism in Pulmonary Disease
SHI Chen, LIN Li-li, XIE Tong, SHEN Cun-si, JI Jian-jian, ZHAO Xia, WANG Shou-chuan, SHAN Jin-jun
2020, 36(2): 168-173.
[Abstract](821) [PDF 507KB](436)
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In recent years， with the breakthrough of life science and emerging developments in microbiome research， a new concept has been referred to as the "lung-gut axis". To some extent， it coincides with TCM theory of "lung being connected with large intestine". For the COVID-19， the diagnosis and treatment plan issued by the National Health Commission clearly proposed the use of intestinal microecological regulator to maintain intestinal microecological balance and prevent secondary bacterial infection. A growing number of studies have shown that lung and intestinal microbial homeostasis plays an important role in pulmonary diseases， termed as specific bacteria and their metabolites are involved in the course of pulmonary diseases. However， the composition of pulmonary and intestinal microorganisms is complex and the mechanism of immune regulation， anti-inflammatory and anti-infection has not been fully declared. In this paper， the research progress of "gut-lung axis"， the lung and gut microbiota in pulmonary diseases combined with the preliminary research of our working group were reviewed and prospected.
Study on Effective Compounds of Qingfei Oral Liquid for Treating COVID-19 Through Integrating "Compound-Target-Common Pathway" Network and Molecular Docking
YAOWei-feng, ZHAIYuan-yuan, LINLi-li, YANGBin, ZHUANGLi, ZHANGLi, XIETong, ZHAOXia, SHANJin-jun, WANGShou-chuan
2020, 36(2): 174-178.
[Abstract](701) [PDF 1056KB](410)
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OBJECTIVE To study on active ingredients of Qingfei Oral Liquid in the treatment of COVID-19， based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The Chinese Traditional Medicine System Pharmacology Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was used to search the chemical constituents of medicinal herbs in Qingfei Oral Liquid and the corresponding targets. The "compound-target-common pathway" network of Qingfei Oral Liquid for the treatment of viral pneumonia was built through Cytoscape software. Then the key compounds in the network were docked with the potential drug target protein for treating COVID-19. RESULTS Biological analysis of the target protein of compounds in Qingfei Oral Liquid was carried out to yield a total of 129 KEGG pathways (P<0.05)， and 104 KEGG pathways (P<0.05) were obtained from biological analysis of the disease target proteins of viral pneumonia. Among them，83 common pathways were obtained. The "compound-target-common pathway" network contained 201 components and 2 424 corresponding targets. The docking of 78 core compounds in the network with the potential targets of treatment of COVID-19 drugs， RdRp， 3Clpro， and PLpro， showed that core components such as Phaseol， Dan-shexinkum D， 1，2，5，6-tetrahydrotanshinone had the similar drug affinity to current drugs treatment COVID-19. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that many key components of Qingfei Oral Liquid might be docked well with multiple potential targets to achieve the purpose of treating COVID-19， reflecting the characteristics of multi-component， multi-target and multi-path of traditional Chinese medicine， and providing a reference for the modern creation of traditional Chinese medicine.
The Influence of Qianyang Yuyin Granules on Acute Cerabral Infarction Patients in Blood Pressure Variability and Short-Term Nerve Functional Recovery
LI Wen-lei, SHEN Jia-xin, LI Li, WU Wen-tao
2020, 36(2): 179-183.
[Abstract](400) [PDF 410KB](312)
Abstract:
OBJETIVE To discuss the influence of Qianyang Yuyin granules on acute cerabral infarction patients in high blood pressure， blood pressure variability (BPV) and short-term nerve functional recovery. METHODS 80 acute cerebral infarction patients accompanied by yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity predominant high blood pressure were enrolled and divided into the treatment group and the control group with 40 each. The control group was given levoamlodipine while the treatment was given Qianyang Yuyin granules as well as levoamlodipine. The course lasted for 12 weeks. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was taken to detect patients' ambulatory blood pressure in 24 h before and after administration and BPV was calculated. The scores of NIHSS， Barthel index， yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome were recorded. RESULTS After treatment， patients in the treatment group had significantly lower mean systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in 24 h and the daytime， respectively (P<0.01). Compared with the control group， systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in the daytime decreased more in the treatment group (P<0.05). Patients' 24 h BPV decreased significantly (P<0.05，P<0.01) and that in the treatment group decreased more obviously in each period (P<0.05，P<0.01). The scores of NIHSS， Barthel index in two groups were better than those before treatment (P<0.05，P<0.01) and the treatment group were better (P<0.05). As for yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome， it was relieved significantly in the treatment group with lower score than that before treatment (P<0.05，P<0.01)， which was much lower than that of the control group (P<0.05，P<0.01). The rates of aggravation and recurrence in the treatment group were much lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Qianyang Yuyin granules can effectively improve traditional Chinese medicine syndrome for patients with yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity predominant acute cerebral infarction accompanied by hypertension， resulting in lowering BPV and promoting the recovery for nerve function.
Effect of Wei's Huoxue Tongluo Formula on Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Patients with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis
XIAYan-ting, HAOMei-ling, ZHANGTao-tao, LIAOLiang
2020, 36(2): 184-188.
[Abstract](425) [PDF 453KB](383)
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Wei's Huoxue Tongluo formula on anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis. METHODS A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to observe the AION outpatients admitted in the Ophthalmology Department， Dongfang Hospital， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2014 to December 2018. The patients enrolled in the study were required to meet the diagnostic criteria of AION and TCM syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis. 63 patients (99 eyes) were included in the study. They were randomly divided into 32 cases (51 eyes) in the trial group and 31 cases (48 eyes) in the control group. The trial group was given Wei's Huoxue Tongluo formula granule， while the control group was given Complex Thrombolysis capsule and Mecobalamin tablets. After 4 weeks' treatment， the mean defect (MD)， loss variance (LV)， mean sensitivity (MS) of visual field， and， best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and whole blood count， serum transaminase and creatinine were measured to evaluate the efficacy and safety. RESULTS The visual field defects of the patients mainly included nearly half-blind (42.4%) in upper or lower field of the horizontal line， fascicular (including fan-shaped and quadrantal) defects (27.3%)， and central or quasi central scotoma(13.1%). After treatment， the median values of MD in the trial group and the control group were 7.1 db and 10.8 db， respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05)， but no significant difference in LV. After treatment， the improvement of MD in the trial group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01)， and the improvement of BCVA in the trial group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in MS before and after treatment and between groups (P>0.05). The frequency of symptoms such as head or eye tingling， shortness of breath， languor and laziness， light tongue or ecchymosis， thin and rough pulse in the trial group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). No side effects occurred in patients during the treatment. CONCLUSION The typical visual field defect of AION are horizontal hemiblindness， fascicular defect and center or quasi center scotoma. The treatment of Wei's Huoxue Tongluo formula can improve some TCM symptoms for AION patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis， and improve their vision acuity and visual field.
Effects of Jiahua Tablet on Renal Injury Index of Patients with Nephropathy after Coronary Angiography or PCI
WU Qiang, LIN Xin, MIAO Xiao-fan, LIU Fu-ming
2020, 36(2): 189-192.
[Abstract](526) [PDF 403KB](350)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Jiahua tablet on glomerular filtration function and renal tubular injury indexes in patients with contrast-induced nephropathy after coronary angiography or interventional therapy， and to evaluate its efficacy in the prevention and treatment of contrast-induced nephropathy， in order to provide a new clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of contrast-induced nephropathy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS 80 patients with coronary angiography or interventional treatment were selected and randomly divided into treatment group and control group with 40 cases each. Based on such routine treatments of control group as antihypertensive methods (calcium antagonist， β receptor blocker， α receptor blocker， diuretics)， statins and aspirin， the treatment group was treated with 4 Jiahua tablets at a time， 3 times per day from preoperative 72 h till postoperative 72 h in a week. Such changes of index were observed as serum creatinine (Scr)， serum urea nitrogen (BUN)， glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)， urine N-acetyl-β-D-glycosaminidase (NAG) and urine β-galactosidase (GAL). RESULTS After postoperative 24 h， the levels of Scr， BUN， NAG and GAL in the two groups were significantly higher than those of preoperation， and the level of eGFR was markedly lower than that before operation(P<0.05， P<0.01). The activities of NAG and GAL in the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05， P<0.01). The postoperative 72 h levels of Scr， BUN， NAG， GAL and eGFR in the treatment group were basically the same as those before the operation (P>0.05).The postoperative 72 h levels of Scr， BUN and NAG in the control group were significantly higher than those of the preoperation， and the level of eGFR was significantly lower than that before the operation (P<0.01). The levels of Scr， BUN， and the activity of NAG and GAL in the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group， while the level of eGFR was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05， P<0.01). CONCLUSION Jiahua tablets can improve the expression of renal injury indexes such as Scr， BUN， NAG and GAL， and exert a better renal protective effect， thereby achieving the purpose of preventing and treating contrast-induced nephropathy.
Discussion on Curative Effect and Mechanism of Treating Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Liver-Stagnation and Spleen-Deficiency Based on "Purging Wood from Earth"
SUNDa-juan, YOUXin-peng, CHILi-li
2020, 36(2): 193-196.
[Abstract](434) [PDF 408KB](331)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effect of treating diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency based on "purging wood from earth" and to discuss its mechanism. METHODS 60 patients from January， 2017 to December， 2018 in the Spleen-Stomach Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled in the case group. They were divided into the observation group and the control group with 30 cases each. The observation group was given modified Lichang Drink while the control group was given pinaverium bromide (Dicetel). The course lasted four weeks. Patients' indexes in these aspects were observed before and after the treatment: Scores of anxiety-depression scale [Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) ]， indexes of anorectal manometry dynamics [anal sphincter resting pressure (ARP)， rectal resting pressure (RRP)， initial rectal sensation and maximum tolerance threshold]， clinical effects and recurrence rate after follow-up. RESULTS After treatment， scores of TCM syndrome in the two groups significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05， P<0.01) and the observation group was better than those in the control group (P<0.05， P<0.01). The total recovery rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Patients in the two groups had significant lower scores of anxiety-depression scale than before (P<0.05， P<0.01) and the observation group was better (P<0.05). There was significant difference in ARP， RRP， initial rectal sensation and maximum tolerance threshold in both groups before and after treatment (P<0.05) but no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Modified Lichang Drink shows obvious curative effect in treating diarrhea predominant with liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency and the recurrence is low， which might function through regulating gastrointestinal motility and decreasing rectal sensitivity.
Development and Cytological Study of PNIPAm-Based Nanogels Loaded with Quercetin
LYUFang-nan, HUANGJie, CHENJian-qiu, ZHAOZi-ming, JINChao-ying, DUQian
2020, 36(2): 197-204.
[Abstract](437) [PDF 1750KB](339)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To improve uptake and cytotoxicity of the drug on MCF-7 cells by developing a poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) nanogel for Quercetin (Que) METHODS The PNIPAm nanogel was optimized by an orthogonal design and its structure was confirmed by FT-IR. A single factor experiment was used to optimize the formulation of quercetin-loaded nanogel (Que-PNIPAm). The particle size， surface morphology and drug loading were characterized and the in vitro release behavior was investigated. Cytotoxicity of MCF-7 cells induced by Que-PNIPAm was investigated by CCK-8 method. The qualitative and quantitative cellular uptake studies were investigated by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry， respectively. The mechanism of cellular uptake was investigated by the inhibitor method. RESULTS The particle size and drug loading of Que-PNIPAm were measured as (166.1±2.87)nm and 3.18%， respectively. Nanogel exhibited spherical morphology and uniform size distribution observed by electron microscopy. Compared to free Que， Que-PNIPAm significantly increased inhibition rate of MCF-7 cells. Que-PNIPAm also showed higher cell uptake efficiency and more effective antitumor activity at 42 ℃. Colchicine and 2-deoxyglucose have an inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells uptake. CONCLUSION The prepared nanogel shows small particle size， thermosensitive property， which could significantly enhance the capacity of cellular uptake and tumor cytotoxicity. The mechanism of cellular uptake demonstrates tubulin is involved in the internalization of the nanogel into MCF-7 cells.
Regulation Mechanism of Yupingfeng San on Angiogenesis in Liver Cancer Microenvironment
YUAN Qin, YAO Fei, ZHANG Lu-rong, LIU Min
2020, 36(2): 205-210.
[Abstract](358) [PDF 1264KB](388)
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OBJECTIVE To clarify that Yupingfeng San (YPFS) can inhibit the formation of microvessels by inhibiting the activation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and signal transduction factor (STAT3)， and exert its anti-liver effect. METHODS Hepa1-6 orthotopic liver cancer mouse model was used， and YPFS solution (20， 30， 40 g/kg) was intragastrically administered. The mice were sacrificed two weeks after administration. The tumors were weighed and the tumor inhibitory rate was calculated. The expression levels of VEGF， TSLP and TSLPR in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by ELISA. The expression of MVD in microvessel density was detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 was detected by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the model group， different concentrations of YPFS (20， 30 and 40 g/kg) groups significantly inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05， P<0.01)， the tumor inhibitory rate was 26.37%， 35.89% and 56.01%， respectively; the MVD and VEGF levels of tumor tissues and adjacent tissues in YPFS groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05， P<0.01); further studies showed that the expression of TSLP/TSLPR and p-STAT3/STAT3 in YPFS-treated groups could be reduced in dose-dependent manner(P<0.05， P<0.01). CONCLUSION YPFS attenuates the activation of TSLP-STAT3 signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of TSLP， thereby inhibits the formation of blood vessels in the hepatic microenvironment and exerts anti-HCC effect. The study provideds experimental basis for new strategies for prolonging the survival of liver cancer patients and developing ideal therapeutic drugs targets.
Effects of Yueju Ganmai Dazao Decoction on BDNF-TrkB Pathway in Prefrontal Lobe of Postpartum Depression Mice
XIABao-mei, CHENChang, TANGJuan-juan, ZHOUXin, CHENGang
2020, 36(2): 211-214.
[Abstract](431) [PDF 677KB](376)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To study the rapid antidepressant effect of Yueju Ganmai Dazao Decoction (Yuegan Decoction， YG) on postpartum depression (PPD) mice， and to explore the pathogenesis of PPD and the mechanism of Chinese medicine from BDNF-TrkB pathway. METHODS 40 Balb/c female mice were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was not given any stimulation. The pre-pregnancy stressed group was subjected to chronic restraint stress. After 3 weeks， the mice in the pre-pregnancy stress group were mated. The mice were arranged for sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim test（FST） 3 weeks after delivery. The PPD mice induced by the pre-pregnancy stress were randomly divided into three groups: model group， YG group and ketamine group. The intervention effect of YG on the mice was detected， and the prefrontal lobes of the mice were taken to detect the expression of BDNF， TrkB， p-GSK3β and GSK3β protein. RESULTS After 3 weeks postpartum， the model mice showed depression-like behaviors. Reduced preference in drinking sucrose solution were found in SPT (P<0.01)， and immobility in FST was significantly increased (P<0.01). And the expressions of BDNF， TrkB and p-GSK3β/GSK3β in the prefrontal lobe of the PPD model group were significantly reduced (P<0.05)， compared to control group. Acute YG improved performance in the SPT and FST (P<0.01)， which was similar to ketamine. A single dose of YG or ketamine normalized BDNF-TrkB signaling in the PPD model mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Chronic pre-pregnancy stress induces postpartum depression-like symptoms in Balb/c mice. The pathogenesis may be related to activation of the prefrontal BDNF-TrkB pathway. The rapid antidepressant effect of YG on PPD model mice may be related to the improvement of the prefrontal BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway.
Effect of Erzhi Wan on Bone Metabolism in Rats with Ovariectomized Osteoporosis
MINYu, YUANDe-pei, HUYu-ping, ZENGChu-hua, HANLong, TANDeng, WANShi-wei, MINWen
2020, 36(2): 215-220.
[Abstract](451) [PDF 1117KB](325)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To clarify the regulating effect of Erzhi Wan (EZW) on bony reconstitution in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats and explore its mechanism. METHODS The animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) was made by ovariectomy. After confirming the success of the model， 60 model rats were randomly divided into 6 groups， including model group， alendronate sodium group， sodium fluoride group， EZW group， Ligustrum lucidum group and Eclipta group， 10 rats were set up in the sham operation group. Each group was given， physiological saline (5 mL/kg)， alendronate sodium (1 mg/kg)， sodium fluoride (5 mg/kg)， EZW (2 g/kg)， Ligustrum lucidum (1 g/kg) and Eclipta (1 g/kg) intragastric administrated once a day for 8 weeks， the intragastric administrated of the sham operation group was the same as that of the model group. Scanning rat femur with Micro-CT; Bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; the maximum load of bone was measured by vertebral compression; Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP)， tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b)， nuclear factor κB receptor activating factor ligand (RANKL)， osteoprotectin (OPG)， β-catenin and chemerin were detected by ELISA method; qPCR was used to detect bone tissue RANKL， OPG， β-catenin and chemerin gene expression. RESULTS EZW， Ligustrum lucidum and Eclipta significantly increased bone mass， bone maximum load， and repaired bone microstructure.In the serum， EZW， Ligustrum lucidum and Eclipta significantly reduced the expression levels of TRACP-5b， RANKL and chemerin， and increased the expression levels of BALP， OPG， β-catenin. In the bone tissue， EZW， Ligustrum lucidum and Eclipta group significantly inhibited the expression of RANKL and chemerin mRNA and promoted the increase of OPG and β-catenin mRNA expression. CONCLUSION EZW can effectively intervene the abnormal bone metabolism in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats， and its mechanism is closely related to the regulation of chemerin.
Study on the Correlation Between the Formation of Spleen-Stomach Deficiency Syndrome and Tongue Coating Microbiota in Patients with Gastric Cancer
SHENRui, LIMei-feng, PENGYu-heng, TENGYu-hao, QIANJun, DONGWei, ZHANZhen, ZHANGJun-feng
2020, 36(2): 221-228.
[Abstract](479) [PDF 1101KB](354)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To explore the systemic biological mechanism of Spleen-Stomach Deficiency syndrome (SSD) in the patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS 22 GC patients with SSD and 32 healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. The tongue coating microbiota was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA genes. Serum cytokines were detected by electrochemiluminescence， and serum metabolomics was analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS). RESULTS Compared with the controls， the GC patients had significantly increased coating Firmicutes and significantly decreased coating Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria（P<0.05）.Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) presented that four coating bacterial genera (Bacillus， Enterococcus， Lactococcus and Serratia) enriched in GC patients. Compared with the controls， the serum levels of GM-CSF， IL-17α， IL-12/IL23P40 and IL-6 were significantly increased in GC patients (P<0.05)， the serum levels of IL-5， TNF-β and IL-4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05)， and nine serum metabolic molecules were significantly increased (P<0.05)， including L-lysine， eicosapentaenoic acid， L-asparagine， lysophosphatidylethanolamine， phosphatidic acid， linoleate， 9-hexadecanoic acid， α-linoleate， and L-phenylalanine. Spearman correlation analysis showed that IL-6， TNF-β and IL-5 were significantly correlated with coating Porphyromonas and Neisseria (P<0.05)， and Neisseria and Fusobacterium were negatively correlated with 9 serum metabolic molecules (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The GC patients with SSD syndrome has altered tongue coating microbiota， which is linking with the different serum cytokines and metabolome. The data provides potential breakthrough point for clarifying the system biological mechanism of SSD syndrome.
Effect of Tongbi Granules on Inflammatory Reaction and Expression of NLRP3 Inflammatory Bodies in TypeⅡ Collagen Arthritis Mice
HEXiao-jin, WANGLei, KONGTian, WANGRui-rui, XIEGuo-qian, GUANYu-jie, ZHOUGe-xuan
2020, 36(2): 229-234.
[Abstract](305) [PDF 522KB](355)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms of Tongbi Granules on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model. METHODS 60 male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10)， including normal group， blank control group， high dose group， medium dose group， low dose group and tripterygium polyglycoside group. The CIA model was established by two injections of 0.1 mL CⅡ emulsion. Then， the mice were administered with high， medium and low doses of Tongbi Granules of 50 g/kg， 25 g/kg and 12.5 g/kg， respectively， after the model was established successfully. While， the model group and the normal group were given the same volume of saline， tripterygium glycoside group were given 0.12 g/kg tripterygium glycoside suspension， which once a day and sustained 22 days. The degree of foot swelling in CIA mice was observed by helical micromanometer. The proliferation and adhesion of spleen cells and T lymphocytes were detected by MTT assay. The effects of radiotherapy on the proliferation of synovial cells containing IL-1β，TNF-α levels were detected. Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies in synovial tissues. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the swelling of the joint appeared on the 13th day after the second immunization. Compared with the blank control group， the high dose group and the tripterygium polyglycoside group could significantly reduce the degree of foot swelling in the CIA model mice， and could significantly inhibit the spleen cell proliferation and its adhesion ability， while still inhibiting the culture Synovial cell proliferation and reduce the synovial cell culture supernatant contained in the IL-1β，TNF-α content. Also， it inhibited the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory body in synovial tissue. CONCLUSION The high and medium dose groups of Tongbi Granules may inhibit the expression of NLRP3 inflammatory body to reduce the proliferation of synovial cells and regulate the formation of inflammatory factors， thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response of RA and relieving joint injury.
Effect of Xiaofeng XuanQiao Decoction on the Characteristics of Spleen Metabolism in OVA-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Mice
JIANGMing-chen, WANGShou-chuan, SHANJin-jun, ZHANGWen, TAOJia-lei, WANGLei, DAIQi-gang
2020, 36(2): 235-240.
[Abstract](416) [PDF 1286KB](329)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To analyze the changes of spleen metabolic profile in mice with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction on AR. METHEODS 60 BALB / c mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， montelukast sodium group and Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction group. The AR model was established by OVA sensitization. The spleen of each group was taken out through methanol. After extraction， methoxypyridine and BSTFA were successively deuterated and derivatized. The effect of Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction on the metabolic profile of AR spleen samples was analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS The spleen metabolic profile of AR mice changed significantly. 45 kinds of metabolites were identified， mainly including pyruvic acid， lactic acid， leucine， β-alanine， benzyl alcohol， 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction reversed 3-hydroxybutyric acid， benzoic acid， benzyl alcohol， β-alanine， ethanolamine， glycerol-1-phosphate， inosine， aspartic acid， lactic acid， phenylalanine， methanolphosphate， niacinamide， O-phosphoethanolamine， pyrophosphate， while montelukast sodium group showed no obvious return trend. CONCLUSION Xiaofeng Xuanqiao Decoction can regulate the biosynthesis of phenylalanine， tyrosine and tryptophan and β-alanine metabolism， and play a role in the treatment of AR.
Study on the Nanofiltration Separation Mechanism of Catalpol of Rehmannia Glutinosa<\i> in Ethanol-Water Solution
LICun-yu, WUQing-ping, ZHENGYu-jun, LIHong-yang, PENGGuo-ping
2020, 36(2): 241-245.
[Abstract](367) [PDF 643KB](352)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To Study on the nanofiltration separation mechanism of catalpol of Rehmannia glutinosa in ethanol-water solution. METHODS Based on solution-diffusion effect， charge effect and molecular sieving in nanofiltration separation， the influence of ethanol concentration on membrane flux， rejection and swelling coefficient， the mass transfer coefficient of catalpol was fitted with series of ethanol concentration to analyze the nanofiltration separation mechanism. RESULTS The experiment showed that there was a linear relationship between operation pressure and membrane flux. Meanwhile， the membrane flux gradually decayed and the absolute value of swelling coefficient increased with the increase of ethanol concentration. The rejection of catalpol increased from 50.14% to 91.16%， and the mass transfer coefficient decreased from 19.27×10-6 m/s to 9.72×10-6 m/s with the swelling of pore diameter in ethanol-water solution. CONCLUSION The molecular interaction force among catalpol， membrane material and solution are changed by ethanol. The charge rejection effect between nanofiltration membrane and catalpol is strengthened with the swelling of pore diameter. The nanofiltration separation mechanism of catalpol is preliminarily clarified in ethanol-water solution， which provides theoretical and technical support for concentrating heat-sensitive traditional Chinese medicine ingredients from the organic solvent-water solution at normal temperature.
Preparation and Antibacterial of Toad Antibacterial Peptide Liposomes
FENGYing-quan, ZHONGLi-huang, YANGChun-miao, WANGSi-miao, WEIZi-han, ZHANGHuan, TENGGuo-sheng
2020, 36(2): 246-251.
[Abstract](453) [PDF 1722KB](326)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To optimize the preparation of the toad antibacterial peptide liposomes， to prolong its antibacterial effect and improve its safety and stability. METHODS The toad antibacterial peptide was extracted by water extraction method， and the liposomes were prepared by thin-film dispersion. The Box-Behnken Design-response surface optimization method (BBD-RSM) was applied to analyze and screen the prescription， in which the encapsulation efficiency was used as an index. Design Export 8.0.6 Trial software was used to conduct experimental regression analysis to obtain the optimal prescription. Transdermal absorption experiments were used to verify the absorption of liposome. The antibacterial effect was determinated by dissolution inhibition test. RESULTS The optimal parameters for preparing the toad antibacterial peptide liposomes was that the mass of phospholipid was 40 mg， the ratio of phospholipid and cholesterol was 4∶1， the ratio of lipid phase to drug was 4∶1. And the highest encapsulation efficiency of the toad antibacterial peptide was (79.14±0.5)%. After 12 h， their surface retention rate were appropriate 94.0%， possessing high surface retention， which improved the safety and stability of the antibacterial. The antibacterial results showed that the antibacterial time was effectively prolonged by antibacterial peptide liposomes. CONCLUSION The antibacterial effect is effectively improved and the antibacterial time is effectively prolonged by toad antibacterial peptide liposomes.
Study on Quality Control Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Fingerprint and Multi-Characteristic Components of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma<\i> by HPLC-UVD-ELSD
ZHANGYe-zi, HEZhong-jun, JIANGHan, QIUYuan, GONGHai-biao, CHENZi-lin, LINPei, YAOZhi-hong
2020, 36(2): 252-258.
[Abstract](439) [PDF 2011KB](330)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint and simultaneously determine the multi-characteristic components of Anemarrhenae rhizoma by HPLC-UVD-ELSD for conducting the quality analysis in the market. METHODS The chromatographic separation was conducted on an UltimateTM XB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm， 4.5 μm)， the monitoring wavelength was 258 nm， the temperature of drift tube was maintained at 65 ℃， and the carrier gas flow rate was 1.0 L/min. The fingerprint and quantitative analysis methods of flavonoids and saponins in Anemarrhenae rhizoma were set up by HPLC-UVD-ELSD. Similarity evaluation combined with stoichiometry analysis were used to evaluate the quality of multiple batches of Anemarrhenae rhizoma samples， and multi-characteristic components in Anemarrhenae rhizoma were selected for simultaneous quantification. RESULTS An efficient and convenient HPLC-UVD-ELSD analysis method was used for fingerprint and quantitative analysis of multi-characteristic components in Anemarrhenae rhizoma. Ten main characteristic peaks were chemically identified in the established fingerprint， and the similarity ranged from 0.786 to 0.999 for 18 batches of Anemarrhenae rhizoma. The results of PLS-DA indicated that neomangiferin， timosaponin BⅡ and timosaponin BⅢ were shown greatly different in 18 batches of Anemarrhenae rhizoma samples. In addition， a quantification method of neomangiferin， mangiferin， timosaponin N， timosaponin BⅡ and timosaponin BⅢ in Anemarrhenae rhizoma was accomplished. The quantitative results of 18 batches of samples showed that the content of timosaponin B Ⅲ was the highest in Anemarrhenae rhizoma. CONCLUSION The established fingerprint and quantification of multi-characteristic components based on HPLC-UVD-ELSD analysis method can more comprehensively and accurately describe the chemical profiles and contents of characteristic compounds in Anemarrhenae rhizoma， which lays a foundation for improving effective and overall quality control method of Anemarrhenae rhizoma.
Study on Fingerprint in TCM Classical Prescription of Qingshang Juantong Decoction
YANYuan-yuan, ZHUYu-chao, ZHANGYan, JIJing, WANGQi, ZHANGXiao-yun, HERui-xin, XUYa-die, CHENRen-shou, CHENGJian-ming
2020, 36(2): 259-266.
[Abstract](415) [PDF 1101KB](323)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To establish a fingerprint of Qingshang Juantong Decoction (QSD)， analyze and identify the common peaks. METHODS HPLC-UV was used to establish fingerprint of QSD; Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm， 4 μm) was used， eluting with a gradient of methanol-acetonitrile-0.25% glacial acetic acid. Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min， the column temperature was 35 ℃， the injection volume was 5 μL， and the detection wavelength was 355 nm. HPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used for qualitative analysis and the comparison was conducted for verification. RESULTS The methodological study showed that the chromatographic method established met the qualitative research requirements of fingerprinting technology. A total of 34 peaks were shared， and 14 peaks were identified， namely chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， cynaroside， nodakenin， baicalin， wogonoside， baicalein， wogonin， vitexicarpin， ligustilide， osthole， notopterol， lisoimperatorin， atractylodin. According to the "Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System" (2012 edition)， 10 batches of QSD were investigated， and the similarity was above 0.97. CONCLUSION This method shows high sensitivity， stability and accuracy， which reflects the overall characteristics of Qingshang Juantong Decoction and provides a reliable scientific basis for the establishment of Qingshang Juantong Decoction.
Identification of Pinellia Ternata<\i> and Its Counterfeits Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis
WANGJue, GUOYu-xin, YAOYi, ZHANGJian, LIJin, ZHUYu-feng, LIUShi-jia
2020, 36(2): 267-272.
[Abstract](458) [PDF 827KB](382)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To develop a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method for the fingerprint analysis of Pinellia ternata and its authenticity identification. METHODS HPLC analysis was performed on a SB-Aq column（4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm） with the mixture of 0.2% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution ( pH=3.0) (A) and methanol (B) as mobile phase in gradient mode. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃ and dual wavelength detection was used. RESULTS The HPLC fingerprint of Pinellia ternata，showing 10 characteristic peaks，was established from raw Pinellia ternata， and 5 were identified by standard comparison， and 8 common constituents were identified in fake Pinellia ternata samples. An overlay fingerprint were established with samples randomly selected： From 34 to 38 min，there were two characteristic peaks in the Pedate Rhizome Pinellia， and two appeared at 32 to 34 min in the Rhizoma Typhonii Flagelliformis prepared with ginger juice，while the peak height in the raw Typhonii flagelliformis Rhizoma was lower and the peak area was smaller. CONCLUSION The fingerprint of Pinellia ternata is significantly different from its confused herbs， which can be applied to the identification and quality control of Pinellia ternata.
HPLC Specific Chromatograms of Margaritifera Concha<\i> from Different Area
WANGHai-bo, GAOHui-qin, ZHOUYong-yan, YANHui
2020, 36(2): 273-276.
[Abstract](438) [PDF 503KB](374)
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To establish the specific chromatograms of Margaritifera concha by HPLC， so as to improve its quality control. METHODS The analysis was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm) with a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Using phenylalanine as the reference solution， 10 batches of samples of Margaritifera concha were analyzed with the developed method，and similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2012 Version) was used for the quality assessment. RESULTS Five common peaks were found through the similarity evaluation system. With phenylalanine as the reference， the relative retention time of the other four peaks were 0.703±0.006， 0.814±0.005， 0.881±0.001， 1.403±0.008， respectively. CONCLUSION The method has been validated by methodology， and can be used for the quality control of Margaritifera concha.
Treating Triple Negative Breast Cancer with Visceral Manifestation Pattern Differentiation in Traditional Chinese Medicine
YAO Ying, WU Chengyu
2020, 36(2): 277-280.
[Abstract](448) [PDF 394KB](383)
Abstract:
The theory of visceral manifestation pattern differentiation proposed by professor Wu Chengyu is applied to treat triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) through combination of disease and pattern，pattern differentiation based on symptoms，identification of disease location and nature，which make complicated and intractable pattern differentiation of TNBC simpler and more precise. Liver，spleen and kidney are the main disease location and the nature of TNBC is stagnation of qi，phlegm，stasis and firetoxin. It would be more curative to treat TNBC with combination of disease and pattern from the principle of visceral manifestation pattern differentiation.

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