南京中医药大学学报

Ten Methods of Tumors from TCM Syndrome Differentiation

2018, 34(6): 541-548.

[Abstract](1587) [PDF 1112KB](1310)

Abstract:
To explore the treatment of tumor from TCM syndrome differentiation based on professor Zhou Zhongying's academic thought of cancer toxicity. Ten methods include: rectify qi to resolve constraint， dissolve phlegm and dispel stasis， track wind and dig out toxin， clear fire and overcome toxin， attack toxin and disperse concretions， remove dampness and clear the turbid， moisten dryness and soften hard masses， assist yang and disperse yin， boost qi and nourish yin (blood)， fortify the spleen and harmonize the stomach. In each method， the specific symptoms and related tongue and pulse of indications are listed in detail. It also identifies the nature， location and pathogenesis of the disease， and lists the commonly used clinical prescriptions. It is believed that the core content of each treatment method is to describe both its regularity and its change， so that it can be regular and flexibility.

Study on Artificial Cycle of Acupuncture and Medication Combined with Letrozole in Regulating Androgen Receptor Pathway in Infertility Patients with Ovulation Disorder in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

DUN Jing-jing, XU Jin-bang, LIN Qiu-ping, YANG Juan, YOU Xiu-mi, ZHANG Jun-xin

2018, 34(6): 549-552.

[Abstract](811) [PDF 1076KB](860)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine combined with letrozole in the treatment of infertility with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ovulatory disorder. METHODS 50 patients with PCOS ovulatory disorder were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (acupuncture and medicine combined with letrozole) and control group (letrozole group)， 25 patients in each group were treated for three months. The changes of TCM symptom score， the ratio of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)， luteinizing hormone (LH)， testosterone (T)， LH/FSH and the changes of endometrial thickness were observed before and after treatment， and the number of ovulation cycles and ovulation rate were counted. The expression level of Lethal-7 (Let-7)， rogen receptor (AR)， cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and dimodulation protein (Areg) were detected by qPCR before and after treatment. RESULTS Compared with the group before treatment， the scores of TCM symptoms and the levels of LH， LH/FSH， T decreased， the thickness of endometrium growed， the expression of Let-7 increased and the expression of AR， COX-2， Areg decreased after treatment (P<0.01). Compared with the control group， the score of TCM symptom was lower， the number of ovulation cycle was larger， the expression of AR was lower(P<0.01)， and the levels of LH， LH/FSH， T was lower(P<0.05， P<0.01). The endometrial thickness was better(P<0.05)， and the pregnancy rate (60%) was higher than that of the control group (32%) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine combined with letrozole can regulate the level of sex hormones， improve the endometrium， increase the number of ovulation cycles and increase the pregnancy rate in infertile women with PCOS. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of androgen receptor pathway.

Effect of Baoshen Tablet on PEW in Dialysis Patients

ZHANG Li-wei, ZHU Yi-lin, SHENG Mei-xiao

2018, 34(6): 553-556.

[Abstract](708) [PDF 1080KB](571)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To observe the therapeutic effect of Baoshen tablet on PEW of dialysis patients and explore the mechanism of TCM. METHODS 113 patients who received maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) and met the PEW from March 2015 to June 2016 in Department of Nephrology of Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine， and met PEW's diagnosis were selected. The basic treatment was high-quality protein diet [1.0-1.2 g/(kg·d)]， regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism， correcting anemia， lowering blood pressure. Diabetes patients were given insulin to control blood sugar. 61 cases of control group were treated with basic treatment and dialysis， while 52 cases of treatment group were treated with Baoshen tablet on the basis of the treatment in the control group. The triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF)， mid-arm circumference (MAC)， mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC)， improved quantitative subjective global nutrition assessment (MQSGA) score， hemoglobin (Hb)，serum albumin (ALB)， ferritin (SF)， high-sensitivity C - reactive protein (hs-CRP) were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS The body mass， body mass index (BMI)， MAC， MAMC， TSF were higher than before treatment (P<0.01)， while the TSF of control group was lower than before treatment (P<0.01). The body weight， MAC， MAMC and TSF of treatment group were better than that of the control group (P<0.05). The total efficiency of treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group (86.54% vs 42.62%，P<0.01). The MQSGA scores in two groups were lower than that before treatment (P<0.01)， and the treatment group was lower than the control group (P<0.01). The levels of Hb， ALB and PA in treatment group was higher than that in control group (P<0.01)， Hs-CRP level was lower than control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Baoshen tablet has the effect of improving PEW of dialysis patients， and the therapeutic mechanism is related to the effect of this prescription on improving dialysis tolerance and sufficiency， strengthening exercise endurance， invigorating spleen to stimulate appetite， promoting blood circulation， detoxifying and alleviating micro-inflammation.

Clinical Study on the Efficacy of Boost Marrow and Fortify Spleen Decoction in Preventing and Treating Myelosuppression of Rectal Cancer Patients with Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiation

WANGYi-jun, ZHANGBi-yun, YUDa-hai, WUYan, WUMian-hua

2018, 34(6): 557-560.

[Abstract](901) [PDF 1081KB](619)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of boost marrow and fortify spleen decoction in preventing and treating myelosuppression of rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation. METHODS 60 rectal cancer patients with myelosuppression induced by neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation from October 2015 to October 2017，were divided into treatment group and control group randomly. All patients completed pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (Prescription dose: 95% PTV = 50 Gy/25 times， five times per week， from Monday to Friday)， along with concurrent chemotherapy (Capecitabine tablets; 825 mg/m²， taken orally， twice a day， radiotherapy days)， a total of five weeks. The treatment group was treated with boost marrow and fortify spleen decoction. The session was from the beginning of chemoradiation (the starting point of the study) to the 30th day after radiotherapy (the end point of the study). The control group was treated with concurrent chemoradiation. The occurrence of myelosuppression， TCM syndromes， quality of life were observed. RESULTS The incidence of Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression of the treatment group was obviously lower than that of the control group (P<0.05); The doses of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG - CSF) of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01); The average hospitalization time of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). There were no adverse reactions occurring like Ⅳ urinary and dyspepsia in both of the two groups. Compared with the control group， the TCM syndrome integral of the treatment group decreased (P<0.05); At the end of the study， the stable rate of KPS score in treatment group was 83.33%， higher than that in control group (56.67%)， P<0.05. CONCLUSION Boost marrow and fortify spleen decoction can significantly reduce the incidence of myelosuppression in rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation， improve the relevant TCM clinical symptoms after treatment， delay the downward trend of KPS score， as well as make patients' treatment tolerance and quality of life higher， which is worthy of further study.

Clinical Effect of Yangyin Tianjing Huayu Mixture on Cancer Patients with Cachexia

ZHANGYuan, LUOLing, TAOJin

2018, 34(6): 561-564.

[Abstract](773) [PDF 1072KB](683)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effect of Yangyin Tianjing Huayu Mixture on cancer patients with yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome of cancer cachexia. METHODS According to the method of single blind randomized controlled trial， 100 patients with advanced tumor were individed into two groups， the treatment group was treated with Yangyin Tianjin Huayu Mixture， the control group was treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Both groups were given nutritional support and symptomatic treatment. The changes of TCM syndrome score， quality of life score and laboratory indexes of two groups were observed. RESULTS The difference of TCM syndrome therapeutic effect between treatment group and control group was statistically significant (P<0.05)， and the total effective rate was 46%， superior to that of the control group(P<0.01). The difference of life quality score and the difference of TCM syndrome index score between the two groups were statistically significant. In terms of laboratory test results， the difference of hemoglobin， prealbumin and serum albumin between the treatment group and the control group was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Yangyin Tianjing Huayu Mixture can effectively improve the quality of life of the patients with yin deficiency blood stasis syndrome of cancer cachexia and significantly improve the level of hemoglobin， prealbumin and serum albumin.

Clinical Research on the Prevention and Treatment of Bronchial Asthma by Acupoint Application of Baijiezi Tufang

LIUCheng-yong, WUWen-zhong, FANGYi-gong, QINShan, LIULan-ying, WANGHe-sheng, ZHANGCong, CHENDong, SHIDan

2018, 34(6): 565-568.

[Abstract](806) [PDF 1081KB](744)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To observe the prevention and treatment effect of bronchial asthma by the acupoint application of Baijiezi (Semen Sinapis) tufang， and the relationship between efficacy and skin irritation. METHODS The included bronchial asthma patients were applied during the dog days， all patients in the first year of the baseline stage were given low-dose medicine acupoints application on the control points of Fei shu (BL 13)， Xin shu (BL 15)， Ge shu (BL 17).In the second year， the patients were randomized into a control group， a placebo group and a experimental group， 30 cases in each one. The control group continued to apply low-dose medicine on the control acupoints， and the placebo group was given low-dose medicine acupoint application on Fei shu(BL 13)， Xin shu (BL 15)， Ge shu (BL 17). The experimental group were treated with normal does in Fei shu (BL 13)， Xin shu (BL 15)， Ge shu (BL 17). Observed the changes of asthma attack number， lung function and skin reaction after acupoint application treatment. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the number of asthma attacks between the baseline group， the placebo group and the control group. The number of asthma attacks was significantly reduced in the experimental group， the difference was statistical significant (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the number of asthma attacks between the placebo group and the control group. Compared with the baseline period， there was no significant difference in lung function (MMEF， FEF25， FEF50， FEF75) between the experimental group， the placebo group and the control group before the trial period. Compared with before the baseline period and the trial period， the lung function of the experimental group was significantly improved after the acupoint application treatment， the difference was statistical significant (P<0.05， P<0.01). But the lung function of the placebo group and the control group was not significantly improved， the difference was no statistical significant. Compared with baseline period acupoint application， the skin irritation was significantly enhanced in the experimental group of trial period， the difference was statistical significant (P<0.01).The difference in skin irritation between the placebo group and the control group has no statistical significant. CONCLUSION Baijiezi (Semen Sinapis) tufang acupoint application can effectively improve the small airway function of asthma patients， thus reducing the number of asthma attacks. The treatment effect is related to the skin irritation after the application.

Relationship Between Electric Storm and NLR， PLR Levels in AMI Patients with Heat Toxin and Blood Stasis Syndrome

KANGJin-hua, CHUQing-min, XIEHui-wen, TANMei-ao

2018, 34(6): 569-571.

[Abstract](608) [PDF 1056KB](1316)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between electric storm and NLR， PLR levels in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with heat toxin and blood stasis syndrome. METHODS From March 2013 to March 2017， 42 cases of AMI patients with heat toxin and blood stasis suffered from electric storm and those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were group A， while 48 cases of AMI patients with heat toxin and blood stasis that met the criteria at the same time were selected as group B. At the same time， 100 patients who came to our hospital for physical examination were selected as group C within the same time period. According to the values of blood analysis of the three groups， the differences of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) between groups A， B and C were compared. RESULTS Compared with group A， group B and group C， the levels of WBC， NEU， LYM， PLT， NLR and PLR in group B and group C were significantly different (P<0.05， P<0.01). CONCLUSION The occurrence of electric storm in AMI patients with heat toxin and blood stasis syndrome is related to the increased NLR and PLR. Under the high level of NLR and PLR， AMI patients are more prone to electric storm.

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Yueju Ganmai Dazao Decoction Associated with PKA-CREB-BDNF Signaling Pathway in the Hippocampus of Mice

ZHANGYi, WANGJiang-hui

2018, 34(6): 572-577.

[Abstract](782) [PDF 1416KB](578)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To explore the antidepressant effect of Yueju Ganmai Dazao Decoction (YG) and its association with PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. METHODS Forced swimming (FST) was used to detect the time-effect of anti-depression after a single administration of YG.The chronic unpredictable model (CMS) further tested the antidepressant effect of YG on the depression model.Western blot expression was used to detect the expression of PKA， CREB and BDNF in hippocampus at 30 min and 24 h after single administration of YG. RESULTS YG showed long-lasting antidepressant potential in FST， meanwhile it also significantly and rapidly reversed behavioral deficits in chronically stressed mice. In the chronic mouse model， the expression of PKA， CREB and BDNF in the hippocampus was significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSION YG displays rapid and lasting antidepressant-like effect and its function is related to the PKA-CREB-BNDF pathway.

The Mechanism Exploration of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on Hepatic Insulin Resistance Through SIRT1/FoxO1 Pathway

SUIMiao, CHENGuo-fang, MAOXiao-dong, WEIXiao, WUBo, HUANGHui, FANYao-fu, LIUChao

2018, 34(6): 578-582.

[Abstract](796) [PDF 1501KB](922)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GGQLD) on SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway in high-fat-induced insulin resistance mice and its mechanism in improving hepatic insulin resistance. METHODS Except those in the normal group， male C57BL/6J mice with insulin resistance were established by feeding high fat diet. Then mice were randomly divided into five groups: high fat diet group， and the four groups treated with low dose of GGQLD， high dose of GGQLD， positive medicine (Pioglitazone)， GGQLD combined with Pioglitazone， respectively. The control group was given equal volume of sterilized water， and the others were given corresponding drugs for 8 weeks. Animals were examined for weight gain， blood glucose and triglyceride. HOMA-IR was calculated. The lipid deposition in liver tissue was detected by HE staining. The protein expression of SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. SIRT1 and FoxO1 mRNA expression were detected by qPCR. RESULTS Compared with the high fat diet group， the body weight， triglyceride， insulin level and HOMA-IR of each group were significantly lower (P<0.01). Liver pathology showed that the liver vacuolation of various doses of Gegen Qinlian Decoction groups and pioglitazone group decreased significantly. The mRNA expression of SIRT1 in these treatment groups were higher than those in the high fat diet group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group， the protein expression of SIRT1 and PPARγ in the high fat diet group was significantly decreased (P<0.05， P<0.01) and the protein expression of acely-FoxO1 and FABP4 increased (P<0.01). After treatment， the protein expression of SIRT1 and PPARγ increased significantly (P<0.05， P<0.01)， and the protein expression of acely-FoxO1 and FABP4 decreased (P<0.05， P<0.01). CONCLUSION Gegen Qinlian Decoction can inhibit acely-FoxO1 and improve hepatic insulin resistance by activating SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway.

Renal Protection Mechanism of Jasminoidin in Metabolic Syndrome Rat Reduced by Fructose Based on the TLR4-TBK1-IKKε Signal Pathway

HUANGRui-ou, WANGXing, JINLu

2018, 34(6): 583-588.

[Abstract](747) [PDF 1613KB](661)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To investigate the renal protective effects of jasminoidin on the rats with metabolic syndrome induced by fructose. METHODS 50 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， jasminoidin group (30， 60 mg/kg) and allopurinol group (10 mg/kg)， each of 10. The renal injury model in rats with metabolic syndrome was built by 10% fructose. After 8 weeks， the animals were killed. Insulin tolerance tests (ITT)， serum uric acid， creatinine， triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC)， interleukin-1β (IL-1β)， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)， urine uric acid， creatinine levels， and renal TG， TC， IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured. In addition， the changes of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-IκB kinase ε (IKKε) signaling pathway in the renal tissue were examined. RESULTS Jasminoidin significantly improved insulin resistance， decreased serum uric acid， creatinine， creatinine， TG， TC， IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α levels， and significantly increased urine uric acid and creatinine levels， with reduction of TG， TC， IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in the kidney. Jasminoidin also significantly inhibited NF-κB and TLR4-TBK1-IKKε signal pathway. At the same time， it was further confirmed that fructose stimulation induced the increased expression of inflammatory factors and the activation of TLR4-TBK1-IKKε signaling pathway in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2， and jasminoidin and TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 significantly improved the abnormal expression of the above index. CONCLUSION The renal protective effects of jasminoidin on the rats with hyperuricemia， lipid accumulation and renal inflammation induced by fructose may be related to its inhibition of TLR4-TBK1-IKKε signal pathway.

Protective Effect of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Combined with Astragaloside Ⅳ on Chronic Kidney Disease

LU Zhen-qiang

2018, 34(6): 589-592.

[Abstract](654) [PDF 1342KB](692)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To observe the preventive and therapeutic effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A combined with astragaloside Ⅳ on chronic kidney disease in rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group and treatment group (HSYA+As-Ⅳ) by rat 5/6 nephrectomy model. One week after continuous administration， rats were sacrificed one month later. Serum levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured before and after treatment in each group. The levels of SOD and MDA were measured to show oxidative stress changes. HE staining was used to observe the small groups. Histopathological changes in rat kidney， Western blot was used to detect SIRT1， eNOS and PGC-1α protein in kidney tissues of mice. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the treatment group reduced the levels of increased SCr and BUN， improved renal pathological changes， significantly reduced renal oxidative stress， and increased the expression of SIRT1， eNOS and PGC-1α proteins. CONCLUSION HSYA combined with As-Ⅳ may exert anti-chronic kidney disease through SIRT1/eNOS/PGC-1α pathway and oxidative stress.

Research on the Mechanism of Pain and Negative Emotion in Cold-Dampness-Type Lumbar Disc Herniation

MINWen, TANFeng, TANDeng, CHENGZhou, HANLong, FANGPeng-hua, HUANGGui-cheng

2018, 34(6): 593-596.

[Abstract](714) [PDF 1141KB](745)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential mechanism of pain and negative emotion in cold-dampness-type lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHODS 23 cases of LDH operation were collected. According to the dialectical standard of Chinese medicine， the patients were divided into cold dampness group and non cold dampness group， 11 and 12 serum samples were respectively obtained， 11 and 7 of the diseased intervertebral discs were respectively collected. The serum samples of 10 healthy persons were collected as normal group. The levels of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β)， tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)， 5- serotonin (5-HT)， calcitonin related gene peptide (CGRP)， neuropeptide Y (NPY)， β-endorphin (β-EP)， P substance (SP) were detected by ELISA. The qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT， CGRP， NPY and β-EP in diseased intervertebral discs. RESULTS Compared with the non cold dampness group， there was no significant difference in age， course of disease， pain and numbness score in cold dampness group， but the score of insomnia and anxiety increased significantly (P<0.05). Serological test showed that there was a common trend of significant decrease of CGRP and significant increase of NPY (P<0.01) in both the cold dampness group and the non cold dampness group compared with the normal group， while the β-EP in the cold dampness group was also significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the non cold dampness group， the CGRP decreased in the cold dampness group (P<0.05)， and the β-EP increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the non cold dampness group， the expression of CGRP mRNA and protein increased in the cold dampness group (P<0.05)， and the expression of β-EP mRNA and NPY protein decreased (P<0.05) in the cold dampness group. CONCLUSION Compared with the non cold dampness syndrome， the cold-dampness LDH has a closer relationship between pain and negative emotions. CGRP， NPY， and β-EP were differentially expressed in peripheral blood and diseased intervertebral discs， suggesting that these factors play a important role in mediating pain and negative emotions.

Effects of Astragaloside Ⅳ on Cognitive Function and Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide Induced Alzheimer's Mice Model

LIJuan, CHANGZi-song, YAOYao, ZHENGPing, WANGRui, WANGWei, HANXin-yi, LIWei-qi

2018, 34(6): 597-601.

[Abstract](870) [PDF 1319KB](638)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect and possible impact mechanism of Astragaloside Ⅳ on memory deficit of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Alzheimer’s disease model mice. METHODS The AD model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of LPS. Different doses of Astragaloside Ⅳ (80， 40， or 20 mg/kg) were orally administered once a day. 14 days after the LPS injection， behavioral experiments including Morris water maze test and novel object recognition (NOR) test were performed to exam mice’s learning and memory abilities. 21 days after the LPS injection， the levels of TNF-α、IL-1β in hippocampus were evaluated by ELISA. The morphology and number of microglial cells were assessed by Iba-1 immunohistochemistry experiment. RESULTS Results of behavioral experiments showed that LPS injection could significantly impair cognitive function of AD mice， and Astragaloside Ⅳ administration could remarkably relieve the impairment. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased after LPS injection， while Astragaloside Ⅳ could remarkably reduce the concentrations of these inflammatory factors. Furthermore， Iba-1 immunostaining for microglia revealed that the activation of microglia induced by LPS were significantly inhibited by Astragaloside Ⅳ CONCLUSION These results indicate that Astragaloside Ⅳ could ameliorate learning and memory impairment induced by LPS and this effect was found to be mediated through inhibition of microglial activation and neuroinflammation.

Effects of Effective Component of Kiwi Root on Inhibition of Proliferation and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cell BGC-823

XUChu-yun, ZHANGGuang-ji, LOUZhao-huan, XUHao, SHENLi

2018, 34(6): 602-606.

[Abstract](684) [PDF 1235KB](830)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanism of effective component of Kiwi root on inhibition of proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell BGC-823. METHODS MTT to experiment the different concentration of Kiwi root polysaccharide with Kiwi root triterpene compounds， and to determine the best effective ratio， called Kiwi root effective component（KREC）; The scratch adhesion test and Transwell assay were performed to determine the migration and invasion capacity of the cells. Gene chip were used to analyze the gene which was associated with the inhibition of proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell BGC-823; Quantitative PCR were used to examine the expression of miR-630. RESULTS When the concentration of Kiwi root polysaccharide is 0.5 g/L， the concentration ratio of the ursolic acid to the oleanolic acid is 8:1，there is a strong synergy between the components， which can be called KREC and can restrain the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell BGC-823.The results of Gene chip and Quantitative PCR showed that the inhibiting ability was related to the increase of miR-630. CONCLUSION KREC have inhibitory effect on proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cell BGC-823， which mechanism can be related to increased expression levels of miR-630.

Comparative Studies of Calyculin A and Deslanoside on Rat Isolated Heart Inotropy and Their Underlying Mechanism

XIEMing, HUANGHui-li, ZHANGWen-hui, GAOLi, CHENLong

2018, 34(6): 607-610.

[Abstract](635) [PDF 1302KB](554)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inotropic effect and its underlying mechanism of calyculin A， a protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitor， compared to deslanoside， a digitalis positive inotropic agent. To provide inputs whether PP can be served as a potential therapeutic target to develop pharmacological inotropic agents in treatment of heart failure. METHODS Ex vivo study was used to record the effects of calyculin A and deslanoside on rat isolated contractilities. They were perfused to follow in order: normal perfusion solution→calyculin A（1， 4， 10 nmol/L） or normal perfusion solution→deslanoside（0.1， 1， 10 μmol/L）. Ca²⁺ transients triggered by field stimulation and by caffeine (20 mmol/L) were measured to analyze the Ca²⁺ handling effects of calyculin A (100 nmol/L) and deslanoside (10 μmol/L). RESULTS Both calyculin A (1， 4， 10 nmol/L) and deslanoside (0.1， 1， 10 μmol/L) significantly increased the left ventricular developed pressure and the peak rate of rise of left pressure (P<0.05) and decreased the heart rate (P<0.05). Calyculin A (100 nmol/L) and deslanoside (10 μmol/L) significantly increased the amplitude of Ca²⁺ transient and shortened the Ca²⁺ transient duration at 50% full recovery level (P<0.05)；Calyculin A also lowered diastolic cytoplasm Ca²⁺ concentration (P<0.05). Calyculin A (100 nmol/L) significantly increased the SERCA2a activity and combinational activities of Na⁺-Ca²⁺ exchanger (NCX) and plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase (PMCA) (P<0.05); Deslanoside (10 μmol/L) only increased combinational activities of NCX and PMCA (P<0.05)，resulting in lowering percentage of contribution of SERCA2a in Ca²⁺ reuptake phase of Ca²⁺ transient (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Calyculin A increases the amplitude of Ca²⁺ transient by enhancing activity of SERCA2a and combinational activities of NCX and PMCA， resulting in the positive inotropy and favorable relaxation. PP can be a potential therapeutic target to develop pharmacological inotropic agents in treatment of heart failure.

GC-MS-Based Technique Identifies Metabolite Profile of Brain Tissues and Serum from Brain Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Rats

ZHANG Chun-bing, LI Peng-fei, ZHU Xiao-fei, GAO Feng

2018, 34(6): 611-616.

[Abstract](837) [PDF 1688KB](706)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE In the present study， we aimed to investigate the metabolite changes in the brain tissues and serum from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rats using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics technique. METHODS The transient model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats was established using Zea Longa thread embolism methods. GC-MS-based metabolomics technique were performed to investigate the metabolites in brain tissues and serum from MCAO and Sham group rats. OmicShare tools were to perform the heatmap and hierarchical cluster analysis of the metabolites. Principal component analysis (PCA) were used to detect the difference between both group rats. A combination of VIP value of Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with p value of t test were to screen differentially expressed metabolites. The pathway database MetaboAnalyst were applied to analyse the pathway that these differentially expressed metabolites participated in. RESULTS We identified and quantified 95 metabolites in brain tissues and 105 in serum， respectively. Compared with the sham group， the concentrations of urea， valine， leucine， isoleucine， mannose， urea， phenylalanine， and methionine in serum from MCAO group rats were significantly increased（P<0.05）. However， the concentrations of proline， alanine， glutamic acid， myo-inositol， serine， glycerol， linoleic acid， and 4-hydroxyproline were markedly decreased（P<0.05）. In the brain tissues from MCAO group rats， the concentrations of alanine， lactic acid， urea， leucine， proline， valine， 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid， and isoleucine were significantly increased（P<0.05）. The metabolic pathway results showed that these metabolites were associated wih some amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism， linoleic acid metabolism， methane metabolism， glycerolipid metabolism， and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis， etc. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the presence of characteristic changes in metabolites in the brain tissues and serum from MCAO rats and highlights the utility of metabolomics in identifying elements of stroke disease pathogenesis and for the development of early diagnostic biomarker of the disease.

Determination of Thiol in Caprae Hircus Cornu and Its Effect on Thiol Level in Rat Plasma

LIURui, CHENJian-ya, ZHUZhen-hua, ZHANGYan, QIANDa-wei, DUANJin-ao

2018, 34(6): 617-620.

[Abstract](676) [PDF 1135KB](638)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To determine the level of native thiols (-SH) and total -SH in goat horn extract and rat plasma. METHODS The thiols levels in goat horn extract and rat plasma were measured using the classical Ellman reagent method. Both the levels of native -SH and total -SH in rat plasma were measured after oral administration of goat horn extract. After oral administration of goat horn extract， the native -SH level in rat plasma was measured， and the curve of -SH level against time after administration was obtained. RESULTS The level of native -SH in goat horn extract ranged from 3.96 to 5.08 mmol/L， and the level of total -SH in goat horn extract ranged from 4.52-5.94 mmol/L. After continuously oral administration of goat horn extract， both the levels of native -SH and total -SH in rat plasma significantly increased (P<0.01) compared with normal rat from d4 to d7. Oral administration of Aspirin did not significantly increase the -SH level in rat plasma. In addition， 30 min after oral administration of goat horn extract， the level of native -SH in rat plasma significantly increased to (10.16±1.18)mmol/L， and 8 h later， the level of native -SH in plasma reverted to normal level. CONCLUSION There are abundant -SH contained components in goat horn extract， and goat horn extract could obviously increase the -SH level in rat plasms. The results in the present study suggested that -SH group contained components might be the important material basis of goat horn. It provides a reference for investigations on animal horn derived TCMs.

Research on the Differentiation of Ginseng Radix and Panacis Quinquefolii Slices Based on Convolutional Neural Network

XUFei, MENGSha, WUQi-nan, LOUZhen, CHENJun, YOUMin, LUCai

2018, 34(6): 621-624.

[Abstract](731) [PDF 1585KB](900)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To establish an automate method for differentiating slices of Ginseng radix and Panacis quinquefolii based on convolutional deep neural network. METHODS A data set containing the authenticity，of Ginseng radix and Panacis quinquefolii slice was constructed， and the learning rate， momentum coefficient， batch size， and weight attenuation coefficient of the convolutional neural network were optimized by orthogonal experiments to determine the convolutional neural network and the best conditions for Ginseng radix and Panacis quinquefolii. RESULTS A method based on convolutional neural network was established to discriminate and differentiate Ginseng radix slice from Panacis quinquefolii slice. The recognition accuracy rate was 0.909. CONCLUSION This study used convolutional neural network image recognition technology to establish a method for the authenticity identification of Ginseng radix and Panacis quinquefolii slices， which is suitable for rapid differentiation of Ginseng radix and Panacis quinquefolii slice.

Analysis of Drug Use Rule of Breast Cancer in Ancient Literature Based on Association Rules and Complex Network

CHENWen-li, LIWen-lin, SHIQin, CHENHong-yu, ZHOUXian-fang, DINGMing-ming, LIULi-wei, YANGLi-li, YANGTao

2018, 34(6): 625-629.

[Abstract](866) [PDF 1466KB](683)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To explore the drug use rule of breast cancer in ancient medical literature on the basis of association rules and complex network. METHODS XMinerV2.4 was used to mold Fp-Growth algorithm for correlation analysis of prescription data， and weighted directed graph was used to represent the compatibility relationship between drugs. LiquoriceV3.0 was used to model the complex Net-work for network analysis of drugs， and the network nodes were analyzed for community aggregation， and the community structure was used to express the drug compatibility relationship. RESULTS 136 cases of oral prescriptions and 41 cases of external prescriptions were collected. The core drugs of the oral administration are e zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)， bai zhu (angelica) and dang gui (Radix Angelicae Sensis). The compatibility of e zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) includes san leng (Rhizoma Sparganii) - e zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)， e zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) - yin yang huo (Herba Epimedii)， e zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)- lu jiao pian (Cornu Cervi Tablets)， e zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae) - rou cong rong (Cistanchis Herba)， and e zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)- gou qi zi (Fructus Lycii). The compatibility of dang gui (Radix Angelicae Sensis) is: dang gui (Radix Angelicae Sensis) - ren shen (Ginseng)， dang gui (Radix Angelicae Sensis) - fangfeng (Divaricate Saposhnikovia)， dang gui (Radix Angelicae Sensis) - shu di (Rehmannia Glutinosa); The compatibility of bai zhu (Angelica) is: bai zhu (Angelica) - shijianchuan， bai zhu (Angelica) - nan sha shen (Glehnia Root) and bai zhu (Angelica) - gou qi zi (Fructus Lycii). The correlation between ku fan (Dried Alum) and bai zhi (Angelica Dahurica) is the highest among the external medicines， and at the same time， jiang can (Bombyx Batryticatus) is the main medicine， forming different medicine pairs or groups such as jiang can (Bombyx Batryticatus) - qiang huo (Notopterygium Root)， jiang can (Bombyx Batryticatus) - （chuan wu (monkshood)， qiang huo (Notopterygium Root))， jiang can (Bombyx Batryticatus) - xiang fu (Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome)， etc. Through complex network analysis， it can be seen that the core drug group in the oral prescription is beneficial to warming yang and activating blood: dang shen (Radix Codonopsis)， bai zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)， huang qi (Radix Astragali)， fu ling (Poria)， yin yang huo (Herba Epimedii)， rou cong rong (Herba Cistanches)， yan hu suo (Rhizoma Corydalis)， e zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)， shan zhu yu (Fructus Corni); Nourishing yin and resolve toxin: nan sha shen (Radix Adenophorae)， gou qi zi (Fructus Lycii)， shi jian chuan (Radix Clematidis)， and lu feng fang (Nidus Vespae); Moving qi and activating blood herbs: dang gui (angelica)， yu jin (Curcuma Aromatica) and xiang fu (Nutgrass Galingale Rhizome); Dissolving phlegm and quickening blood herbs: san leng (Sparganium)， tao ren (Peach Kernel)， lu jiao pian (Cornu Cervi Slice)， dan shen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza)， yan hu suo (Rhizoma Corydalis) and hai zao (Seaweed). The compatibility analysis outside the core drugs suggested that there were drug pairs such as kun bu (Kelp) - mu li (Oyster)， bai jie zi (Mustard Seed) - lu jiao jiao (Antler Glue)， zhi qiao (Bitter Orange) - hou po (Magnolia Bark)， xuan shen (Figwort) - bai lian (Ampelopsis)， etc. The core medicine in the external prescription is the antidote for promoting blood circulation and removing yang: dang gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)， bai lian (Radix Ampelopsis)， mo yao (Myrrha)， ru xiang (Olibanum)， cong bai (Bulbus Allii Fistulosi)， xing ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum)， bi ma ren (Castor Bean) and hong hua (Flos Carthami). Analysis of compatibility outside the core drugs suggests that there are pain relievers for promoting blood circulation and warming the interior: dang gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)， chuan xiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong)， cao wu (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii); Dispersing wind medicine: jiang can (Bombyx Batryticatus)， qiang huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii); Resolving Phlegm and moving qi herbs: zhi qiao (Fructus Aurantii)， xiang fu (Rhizoma Cyperi)， chen pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae)， ban xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae)， etc. CONCLUSION Using association rules and complex network methods to analyze the drug use rules of breast cancer in ancient literature can provide a reference for exploring the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of the disease in ancient times， expand the treatment thinking of contemporary clinicians， and combine the analysis results to use the typical drug pairs， especially those rare in contemporary clinical practice， when the conventional treatment for breast cancer recurrence and metastasis is ineffective， thus providing ideas and directions for modern clinical research of breast cancer.

Research on the Imperial Physician CAO Cangzhou's Prescription Regularity of Treatment for Cough in Qing Dynasty

CHENGQian, QURong

2018, 34(6): 630-633.

[Abstract](672) [PDF 1065KB](794)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To explore the prescription regularity of treatment for cough of Cao cangzhou， an imperial physician in Qing Dynasty. METHODS A total of 157 cough cases in Cao cangzhou were included in the study. Spss moderler 14.1 was used for correlation analysis and frequency statistics. Viscera syndrome differentiation of 110 medical records was also carried out. RESULTS The core drug is xingren. The commonly used 14 drugs include dongguazi， xiangbei， fuling， geke， sangye， pipalu， sigualo， jubai， et al. The couplet medicines are xingren-zhebei，xingren-dongguazi，ziwan-xingren， ziwan-zhebei. 9 groups of three drug combinations are zhebei-dongguazi-xingren， baiqian-dongguazi-xingren， sangye-donggauazi-xingren， ziwan-zhebei-xingren， fuling-zhebei-xingren， et al， which are effective in clearing heat and expectoration， dispersing wind-heat， regulating the flow of vital energy， and strengthening the spleen. The types of symptoms are tanreyufei，feiyinshousun， shenbunaqi， pishizhongzu， muhuoxingjin， tanhuoraxin， etc. There are corresponding medicine to different symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Inheriting the academic thought on treating warm-induced febrile diseases， his treatment is mainly based on dispelling evil and paying attention to nourishing yin. His medicine is cool and the texture is moist.

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy

MENGJing, ZHUJing

2018, 34(6): 634-638.

[Abstract](875) [PDF 1243KB](1119)

Abstract:
Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is chemotherapy drugs induced neurotoxicity occurred in anticancer treatment. Unfortunately， there is no specific clinical drug yet， only mainly symptomatic treatments with analgesics and sedative drugs are applied. CIPN can result in treatment delay，dose modification and termination of chemotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine theory holds that CIPN is caused by arthromyodynia， previous study showed that Chinese medicine could effectively prevent the complications，but this is limited to clinical reporting， and also lacks support of sufficient evidence and system study. This Review provides a crucial update of the pathogenesis of CIPN and related signaling pathway with Chinese medicine treatment. It will provide a basic reference for the clinical treatment of CIPN.

Advances in Research on Hydrogels Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine with the Characteristics of "Unification of Medicines and Excipients"

ZOUJia-yu, RENShu-jing, DUANYan-bing, CHENRui, CHENZhi-peng

2018, 34(6): 639-644.

[Abstract](1092) [PDF 1237KB](990)

Abstract:
There are a wide range of sources of Chinese medicinal materials， and some of them have a shaping function in pharmaceutics while exerting pharmacological effects， which is called “unification of medicines and excipient”. We consulted the domestic and foreign literatures in recent years and summarized several hydrogels derived from traditional Chinese medicine with this function. Finally， we trace their research progress and hope to provide the basement for the research and development of pharmaceutics in traditional Chinese medicine in future.

Evaluation on Realgar Safety and Reducing Toxicity

HERong-rong, LYUXiang, ZHOUJing, MAHong-yue, YANYan-qing, WANGHeng-bin, DILiu-qing, DUANJin-ao

2018, 34(6): 645-648.

[Abstract](731) [PDF 1088KB](822)

Abstract:
Realgar is a common component of classical Chinese medicine preparation， which has attracted much attention due to high content of arsenic sulfide. This reviewed the research on the species， toxicity and molecular mechanism of arsenic in recent years. The clinical adverse effects of realgar-containing preparations and the safety of realgar on chronic exposure to experimental animals were analyzed. In particular， the classic Chinese medicine Liushen Wan compatibility reduced realgar-induced toxicity. That illustrated that the Chinese medicine preparations containing realgar clinically used at low dose and reasonable medication time， have certain drug safety.

2018 Vol. 34, No. 6

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