南京中医药大学学报

Profound Analysis of the Toxicity of Chinese Medicine

XUE Bo-yu

2018, 34(1): 1-4.

[Abstract](4875) [PDF 1077KB](2562)

Abstract:
More and more attention has been paid to Chinese medicine induced liver injury. This paper discusses the toxicity of Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine induced liver injury through the relevant literatures. It is believed that the processing， compatibility and dosage and irrational usage accelerated the increasing of Chinese medicine induced liver injury events during the application of Chinese medicine and Chinese patent medicine. But， it is also should be noted that there were also exaggerated phenomena in Chinese medicine induced liver injury due to the problem of statistical methods. It is put forward that we should pay attention to Chinese medicine induced liver injury and evaluate correctly. We should take strategies to cope with liver injury in many fields including Chinese medicine toxicity studying， compatibility， rational usage and enhancing supervision.

The Research Progress of Interaction Between Chinese and Western Medicine Combination

KONGXue-yun, CHENQi, WUXiang, BIANHui-min, LIYu

2018, 34(1): 5-11.

[Abstract](1631) [PDF 1135KB](1493)

Abstract:
The compatibility of Chinese medicine and western medicine is becoming more and more common， but the changes in efficacy and adverse reactions of drug interaction caused by drug interaction has attracted more and more attentions. This article mainly expounds the interaction between Chinese medicine and western medicine in four aspects: absorption， distribution， metabolism and excretion of drugs. Among them， Chinese medicine can affect western medicine absorption by changing the gastrointestinal pH， gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying time changes， the chelate complexes， and the precipitate formation; it can change the distribution of the main active ingredients in western medicine; it can change liver microsomal enzyme and non-microsomal enzyme to affect western medicine metabolism， the western medicine excretion through the bile and kidney， and western medicine transport process in vivo by P-glycoprotein. The article explains the pros and cons of Chinese medicine and western medicine from the pharmacokinetic process， which provides the basis for the clinical guidance for the combination therapy of Chinese medicine and western medicine.

Clinical Features， Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Aristolochic Acid-Induced Nephrotoxicity

TUYue, WANYi-gang, SUNWei, WUWei, LIUYing-lu, YAOJian

2018, 34(1): 12-18.

[Abstract](1572) [PDF 1257KB](1405)

Abstract:
It is reported that aristolochic acid（AA）not only has the definite nephrotoxicity but also causes the 3 different types of aristolochic acid nephropathy（AAN），which is different from the mutational signature of AA in inducing hepatocellular carcinomas. The clinical features of AA-induced nephrotoxicity include the lack of specific symptoms，a small amount of tubular proteinuria，the progressive renal failure，anemia and the extensive renal interstitial fibrosis with few infiltrated cells，along with tubular atrophy. The molecular mechanisms of AA-induced nephrotoxicity mainly refer to the induction of renal cellular apoptosis by affecting microRNAs（miRNAs），endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress directly or indirectly. In addition，renal inflammation is probably related to the molecular mechanism of AA-induced nephrotoxicity. The therapeutic strategies of AA-induced nephrotoxicity contain the low-dosage of glucocorticoids，prostaglandin E₁，bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Chinese herbal compound prescriptions and their extracts. Recently Chinese government has maintained strict controls on Chinese medicinal materials and Chinese traditional patent medicines containing AA，so that the incidences of AA-induced nephrotoxicity and AAN have been decreasing year by year. Nevertheless，Chinese herbal medicines（CHM） related drug-induced kidney injury（DKI）cannot be ignored，in which，establishing the evaluation methods of nephrotoxicity of CHM is the key point to understand the molecular mechanisms and explore the therapeutic strategies.

Influence of Chinese Materia Medica with Invigorating Blood Circulation and Eliminating Blood Stasis on Distribution of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Mice

SUNJuan, WUWen-han, GAOLi-na, HEFeng-jun, ZHANGLei, QIAOHong-zhi

2018, 34(1): 19-24.

[Abstract](1875) [PDF 1485KB](1269)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To prepare the appropriate mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and investigate the influence of Chinese materia medica with properties of invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis on the distribution of MSNs-NH₂ in mice. METHODS MSNs were prepared using Stober method. The particle size， polydispersity index (PDI) and Zeta potential of MSNs were measured with different molar ratios of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The preparation procedure was optimized for further amino functionality on the surface of MSNs. The structure and morphology of the obtained MSNs-NH₂ were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS)， fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Mice were orally administrated with Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort， Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge or Hirudenipponica Whitman decoction daily， respectively. Mice orally administrated with normal saline was used as the control group. Ten days later， Cy7-labeled MSNs-NH₂ was intravenously injected into mice via the tail vein for in vivo imaging. RESULTS Appropriate MSNs were prepared with the molar ratio of TEOS and NaOH being 20. After the surface of MSNs was functionalized with amino groups， the particle size of the MSNs-NH₂was determined to be 136.8 nm with PDI of 0.17 and the Zeta potential of the MSNs-NH₂was 16 mV. Chinese materia medica with properties of invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis had effect on the distribution of MSNs-NH₂in mice. The fluorescence signals of all experimental groups were mainly located in the liver and spleen， and the fluorescence signals of the group treated with Chinese materia medica that supposed to invigorate blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis were stronger than those of control group. In addition， the fluorescence signals of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort group hit the peak earlier than that of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bget group. Besides， other organs showed no significant fluorescence except for lung in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort group at 24 h post injection. CONCLUSION By adjusting the molar ratios of TEOS and NaOH， the size of MSNs could be effectively controlled. MSNs-NH₂ could be used as a probe to study the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and nanoparticles (NPs). Oral administration of Chinese materia medica with invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis had effect on the distribution location and peak time of MSNs-NH₂ in mice.

Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine and Targeted Therapy Strategies

QIAOHong-zhi, ZHANGLei, SUNJuan, DILiu-qing

2018, 34(1): 25-29.

[Abstract](1695) [PDF 1099KB](1557)

Abstract:
Chinese medicine and targeted therapy belong to two different disciplinary systems. They have both differences and multiple connections and potential for integration. This is mainly reflected in the interconnectedness of the theoretical system， the syntropy of the purpose and the complementarity of the practical means. Targeted treatment of functional substance of Chinese medicine can be understood from two perspectives. On the one hand， many active ingredients derived from Chinese medicine have difficulties in druggability， which can be solved using the modern targeted technology for enhancing the efficacy and reducing the side effects. On the other hand， under the guiding thought of Chinese medicine， many functional substances of Chinese medicine endow drugs or preparations orientation to the specific regions， leading to the improved therapeutic effect. In this review， we summarize the research progress in recent years from the above two aspects in order to understand and discover the intrinsic relationship between them and the potential value of development， which will promote the integration development of Chinese medicine and pharmaceutics.

Targeting Drug Delivery and Meridional Theory in the Processing of Chinese Materia Medica

QIANChen, ZHUChen-qi, CHENZhi-peng

2018, 34(1): 30-34.

[Abstract](1340) [PDF 1101KB](1228)

Abstract:
The principle of meridian theory in the processing of Chinese materia medica has the same features as the targeting drug delivery in pharmaceutics. Both of them are preparation methods which can change the distribution of drugs， reduce the toxic and side effects as much as possible and enhance the therapeutic effects. However， the target sites of them and the strategies are quite different. The targeting site of the traditional Chinese medicine in the processing of Chinese materia medica is guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and consisted of one or several organizations with a certain degree of integrity. However， most of the target drug delivery are reach to physiologic tissues， organs， cells or organelles with significant accuracy. In addition， the meridian theory in the processing of Chinese materia medica is mainly based on the drug processing， focusing on the change of the material basis through the process to achieve the purpose. The targeting preparation focus on the design of new functional materials to build smart carrier transport drugs to the destination. This article refers to the relevant literature， selects the representative research， discusses the difference and connection between the two concepts， provides some reference to explain the meridian theory， and provides a useful reference for finding a new strategy of targeting drug delivery.

Treating Thyroid Cancer on the Base of Professor ZHOU Zhongying's Pathogenesis Theory of Blood Stasis and Heat

PENGHai-yan, WANGWen-lin

2018, 34(1): 35-38.

[Abstract](1514) [PDF 1080KB](1428)

Abstract:
On the base of Professor ZHOU Zhongying's pathogenesis theory of blood stasis and heat，this paper put forward that mixture of blood stasis and heat is the cause of occurrence， development， recurrence and metastasis of thyroid cancer. The treatment is clearing away the heat and removing blood stasis to protect vital qi. In detail， Wuwei Xiaodu decoction and Yinqiao powder are applied to clear away the heat and detoxificate， Xijiao Dihuang decoction is applied to clear away the heat and cool the blood， Xiaoluo pill is applied to soften the hardness and dissolve the nodes， Shashen Maidong decoction is applied to nourish yin and clear away the deficiency-heat， and Beimu Gualou powder is applied to remove phlegm and dissolve the nodes. The commonly used medicinal teams such as the team of Flos Lonicerae， Flos Chrysanthemi and Spica Prunellae is for clearing away heat and detoxification， the team of Bulbus Lilii， Radix Glehniae and fresh Caulis Dendrobii is for nourishing yin and body fluid， the team of Rhizoma Sparganii， Rhizoma Curcumae and Herba Salviae Chinensis is for anti-metastasis， and the team of Scorpio， Radix Paeoniae Alba and Rhizoma Corydalis is for relieving pain.

Study on the Differentiation and Treatment Thoughts of Damp and Febrile Disease in Wucun Jingyao

RENWei-ming, WUCheng-yan, WANGRui-ping

2018, 34(1): 39-41.

[Abstract](1488) [PDF 1064KB](1297)

Abstract:
On the basis of febrile disease cases in Wucun Jingyao， this paper analyzes Ma's experience and therapeutic thoughts for treating damp and febrile disease form four aspects including tracing the etiology and pathogenesis from disease name， syndrome differentiation and treatment and prescriptions applications. According to damp and febrile disease affected easily season， region and population， Ma combined several syndrome differentiations such as wei-qi-ying-blood syndrome differentiation， six-meridian syndrome differentiation and zang-fu syndrome differentiation. His treating method is mainly focus on pungent-bitter， pungent， pungent-warm， aromatic and infiltration. Ma usually uses mild herbs， makes flexible use of fresh herbs， and is good at applying powders and prescribed herbs in decoction. His prescriptions are aiming at regulating qi activities， smoothing sanjiao， reinforcing healthy qi and resisting the external evils attacking the internal. His syndrome differentiation thoughts， prescription applications and combinations have a certain reference and guiding significance for modern clinic， especially for typhoid Salmonella infection and some similar symptoms of enterovirus infections.

Clinical Effect and Immune Regulation of Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao Decoction Combined with Nasal Massage for Child Adenoid Hypertrophy

JIANGZhi-yan, LIUJun-jun, SHILi, LURong

2018, 34(1): 42-46.

[Abstract](4246) [PDF 1097KB](1363)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical and immune regulation effects of Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao decoction combined with nasal massage for child adenoid hypertrophy (CAH). METHODS 90 CAH cases were randomly divided into the control group (Xinqin granules)， TCM internal treatment group (Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao Decoction)， and the TCM internal and external combined treatment group (Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao decoction combined with nasal massage). Clinical and immune regulation effects of Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao decoction in the treatment of CAH were evaluated. RESULTS In terms of the curative effect， the total effective rates in the TCM internal and external combined treatment group， TCM internal treatment group and the control group were 96.7%， 90.0% and 66.6%， respectively. In terms of TCM Syndrome curative effect， the total effective rates in the TCM internal and external combined treatment group， TCM internal treatment group and the control group were 96.7%， 93.3% and 76.7%， respectively. There were significant differences among three groups in clinical total effects and TCM syndromes (P<0.05，P<0.01). Improvements of nasal congestion， snoring， mouth-open breathing， sleep uneasiness， molars， impaired concentration， slow reaction and susceptibility (colds and bronchitis frequencies) in the TCM internal and external combined treatment group and the TCM internal treatment group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05， P<0.01). The curative effects of the TCM internal and external combined treatment group in improving mouth-open breathing and sleep uneasiness were better than those of the TCM internal treatment group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in accessory examination scores (nasopharyngeal lateral projection score) among three groups before and after the treatment (P<0.01). There were significant differences in accessory examination A/N values among three groups before and after the treatment (P<0.05)， the TCM internal and external combined treatment group and the TCM internal treatment group were better than that of the control group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in CD3+， CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the TCM internal and external combined treatment group and the TCM internal treatment group before and after the treatment (P<0.01)， and P<0.05， compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao decoction combined with nasal massage works internally and externally， can improve the clinical effect of CAH， obviously improve the children's clinical symptoms， and also has a regulatory effect on cell immunity at the same time.

Clinical Study on Effect of Medicine Separated Moxibustion on Shenque Eight Point Array Combined with Somatostatin in the Treatment of Early Postoperative Inflammatory Intestinal Obstruction

LIXue-qing, SHIZhi-min

2018, 34(1): 47-49.

[Abstract](1324) [PDF 1067KB](1158)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effect of medicine separated moxibustion on shenque eight-point array combined with somatostatin in the treatment of early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction (EPII). METHODS 76 patients were divided into the treatment group and the control group， 38 cases in each group. Both groups received routine nursing and treatment. The control group was treated with somatostatin (continuous infusion at 0.25 mg/h). On the basis of the control group， the treatment group was also given medicine separated moxibustion on shenque eight-point array. Main symptoms， intestinal function， serum C reactive protein (CRP)， tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were observed after 7 d of treatment， and the clinical effects were recorded. RESULTS The total clinical effective rates in the treatment group and the control group were 92.11% and 78.95%， respectively， P<0.05. Intestinal function， serum CRP， TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group after the treatment， P<0.01. CONCLUSIONS Medicine separated moxibustion on eight-point array combined with somatostatin can significantly improve postoperative clinical symptoms of EPII patients， and effectively regulate serum CRP， TNF-α and IL-6 levels.

Study on Effects of Jianpi Qingchang Formula on the Recurrence of Colorectal Adenomas After Resection

FANG Mei-hua, LI Jing-bo, ZHOU Yong, LI Min

2018, 34(1): 50-53.

[Abstract](1469) [PDF 1079KB](1284)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Chinese medicine on patients with endoscopic resection of adenomatous colorectal polyps. METHODS 60 adenomatous colorectal polyps patients meeting with the criterion were investigated and randomly divided into two groups， Chinese medicine intervention group and the control group. Same treatments including fasting， anti-inflammation， anti-infection and parenteral nutrition support were performed to all patients after surgery: for 1-3 days. Jianpi Qingchang formula was given to the Chinese medicine intervention group on the 2nd day after surgery， while no more intervention was given to the control group. The recurrence condition of polyps was checked by colonoscopy at 6 months and 12 months after the surgery， respectively. The evaluation criterion was whether there were any new polyps in the original resected sites or other parts. The pathological types were compared and the recurrence rate of the 2 groups were evaluated. RESULTS The bowel evacuation frequency and habit scores of the two groups were compared after 6 months of treatment P<0.05，P<0.01. The number， maximum diameter and average diameter of adenomas of the two groups were compared after 6 months of treatment， P<0.01. After 6 months of follow-up， the total effective rate of the Chinese medicine intervention group was 93.33%， and that of the control group was after 83.33%， there were significant differences between the two groups. After one year of follow-up， the total effective rates of the Chinese medicine intervention group and the control group were 93.33% and 80.00%， respectively， there were significant differences between the two groups， P<0.01. CONCLUSIONS Chinese medicine intervention can reduce the recurrence rate of patients with adenomatous colorectal polys after endoscopic resection surgery.

Clinical Study on the Effect of Jinqi Yuquan Formula in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy of Qi and yin Deficiency Combined with Blood Stasis Type

FANGLiu-yi, SHIJian, TANGChun-hua, DIHong-jie, LIUChao

2018, 34(1): 54-57.

[Abstract](1418) [PDF 1074KB](1239)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effect and the possible mechanism of Jinqi Yuquan Formula(JQYQF) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy of qi and yin deficiency combined with blood stasis type. METHODS 82 DN patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group， 41 cases in each group. Both groups were given the basic treatments such as diet controlling， regular exercising， hypoglycemic and depressurization. On the basis of the basic treatments， the treatment group was also given JQYQF for 12 weeks continuously. Parameters changes of blood glucose， blood lipid spectrum， blood pressure， renal function， urine protein， serum cystatin C (CysC) and podocalyxin (PCX) in both groups were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS Blood glucose， blood lipid and blood pressure in both groups had no significant changes before and after the treatment. The effective rate was 60.97% in the treatment group and 29.26% in the control group， and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). Albumin excretion rate (UAER)， 24h urine protein quantitative， estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)， CysC and PCX in the treatment group were significantly improved than those of the pre-treatment (P<0.01)， and those of the treatment groups than the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Jinqi Yuquan formula can improve the kidney function by protecting podocyte function and reducing urine protein in diabetic nephropathy patients of qi and yin deficiency combined with blood stasis type.

Effect of Scalp Acupuncture Combined Lower Limbs Rehabilitative Robot on Static Balance in Stroke Patients

ZHANGShao-hua, ZHANGTian-feng, WANGYu-long, XIAOPeng

2018, 34(1): 58-62.

[Abstract](1515) [PDF 1107KB](1277)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of scalp acupuncture combined lower limbs rehabilitative robot on static balance in stroke patients with hemiplegia. METHODS 102 stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into the scalp acupuncture group (34 cases)， the lower limbs robot group (34 cases) and the combination group. The scalp acupuncture group was given scalp-acupuncture. The lower limbs robot group was given lower limbs rehabilitative robot training. The combination group were given scalp-acupuncture combined with lower limbs rehabilitative robot training. The area of foot support interface， weight ratio and plantar pressure changes were measured by gait analyzer before and after 3 months of rehabilitation treatment. RESULTS There were significant decreases in foot support interface and the weight ratio of the healthy side in the 3 groups (P<0.05，P<0.01)， while those of the affected side were significantly improved (P<0.05，P<0.01) after intervention， and those of the combination group were significantly better than the other two groups (P<0.05，P<0.01). The foot balance indexes including ball length， elliptic area， length/elliptic area， angle and long axis were all significantly decreased than those of the pre-treatment (P<0.01). The combination group was better than the scalp acupuncture group and lower limb robot group (P<0.05，P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Scalp acupuncture combined with lower limb robot rehabilitation training system can significantly increase the static balance in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Efficacy Observation of Obtaining yin from yang Method in the Treatment of Xerostomia After Radiotherapy in Patients with Nasaopharyngeal Carcinoma

GUO Hui, YOU Xing-xin, WEI Min-mei, SI Tao, SHI Yu

2018, 34(1): 63-65.

[Abstract](1353) [PDF 1065KB](1343)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effect of obtaining yin from yang method in the treatment of xerostomia after radiotherapy in patients with nasaopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS 102 patients with nasaopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy received in outpatient and inpatient department of our hospital from June 2016 to June 2017 were randomly divided into two groups. On the basis of the formula of the control group， guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi) and paojiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Praeparatum) were added in for the treatment group to obtain yin from yang. Three courses later， degree of dry mouth score and irritant saliva flow in both groups were compared before and after the treatment. RESULTS Degree of dry mouth score and irritant saliva flow in both groups were improved compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05，P<0.01)， and the treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.01). The comprehensive effective rate of the treatment group was 88.23%， which was better than that of the control group (66.66%， P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Obtaining yin from yang method has significant effect for xerostomia after radiotherapy in patients with nasaopharyngeal carcinoma. It can obviously improve the degree of dry mouth， and has a certain protecting effect for salivary glands.

Analysis of Terpenoids in Kansui Stir-Baked with Vinegar by UPHLC-Q-TOF-MS

GAO Jing, ZHANG Qiao, GUO Si-jia, ZHANG Li, DING An-wei, YAO Wei-feng, BAO Bei-hua

2018, 34(1): 66-71.

[Abstract](1538) [PDF 1469KB](1385)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To identify the terpenoids of Kansui stir-baked with vinegar by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. METHODS Chromatographic separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC C₁₈column (100 mm×2.1 mm， 1.7 μm) with a gradient solvent system composed of 0.1% aqueous formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min， and the temperature of column was 40 ℃ with injection volume of 4 μL. The samples were analyzed with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface set in both positive and negative ionization modes. RESULTS The terpenoids of Kansui stir-baked with vinegar were analyzed by Peak View SoftwareTM， 32 terpenoids were identified， including 15 ingenane diterpenes， 12 jatrophane diterpenes and 5 triterpenes. And the fragmentation of ingenane diterpenes and jatrophane diterpenes was analyzed. CONCLUSION This method is rapid and accurate， which can be applied for explaining the material basis and finding the possible mechanism of "toxicity-efficacy" of kansui stir-baked with vinegar.

Effect of L-Proline on Crystallization and Solubility of Curcumin

WEI Tong-xin, JING Jie, SU Wen-qiang, LIU Yong-hai, FU Ting-ming

2018, 34(1): 72-76.

[Abstract](1636) [PDF 4806KB](1478)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To study effect of L-proline on the crystallization and dissolution of curcumin， to explore the mechanism of the synergistic substance to improve the solubility of the insoluble active component of traditional Chinese medicine， and to find a method to solve the problem of poor oral bioavailability of traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS The curcumin/L-proline samples were prepared by grinding method and solution crystallization method， respectively. The structure was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)， X-ray diffraction (XRD)， fourier-to-infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)， and the content and solubility were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). RESULTS In the presence of L-proline， the crystal form and the crystal habit of curcumin changed in different degrees. Compared with the raw curcumin，the solubility and dissolution rate of the samples were higher. CONCLUSION L- proline can affect the crystal shape and crystal habit of curcumin，L-proline/curcumin cocrystal was formed， and the solubility of cocrystal is obviously improved.

Comparative Study on Colloidal Silica Dioxide and β-Cyclodextrin Solidifying Clove Volatil Oil

LIUSheng, HEDan-dan, LIUYi, ZHANGZhen-hai, JUJian-ming

2018, 34(1): 77-80.

[Abstract](1274) [PDF 1220KB](1255)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics of two different methods that solidified clove volatile oil (CVO) using β-cyclodextrin and colloidal silicon dioxide SYLOID 244FP. METHODS The CVO-solidified powder was prepared by saturated aqueous solution method and grinding method using β-cyclodextrin and colloidal silicon dioxide as carrier. The content of eugenol was determined by HPLC and the yield was compared. The structures of the solidified powder was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The stability of the two kinds of solidified powder was investigated by accelerated test. RESULTS The average yield of eugenol in the β-cyclodextrin solidified powder and in colloidal silicon dioxide solidified powder was 78.59% and 98.69%， respectively. The endothermic peak of the two kinds of solidified powder was disappeared in the phase of DSC. The loss ratios of eugenol in clove volatile oil， β-cyclodextrin solidified powder and colloidal silicon dioxide solidified powder were 17.35%， 1.76% and 3.74%， respectively at 60 ℃ for 8 h， while eugenol loss ratios were 24.29%， 4.64% and 5.97% in an open state. CONCLUSION Both colloidal silicon dioxide and β-cyclodextrin can solidify clove volatile oil， but the former needs less excipient， and preparation process with higher clove volatil oil yield， which shows high research value and potential application prospect.

The Protective Function of Erzhiwan on D-galactose-Induced Senescence in Normal Rat Kidney Cells

LIU Qi-nan, XU Jia, ZHAI Yuan-yuan, YAO Wei-feng, ZHANG Li, CAO Yu-dan, BAO Bei-hua, DING An-wei

2018, 34(1): 81-86.

[Abstract](1907) [PDF 2743KB](1356)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective function of Erzhiwan on Normal Rat Kidney (NRK) cells senescence induced by D-galactose (D-gal). METHODS Different concentrations of D-gal (1， 5， 10， 20， 40 g/L) were added into the culture medium for different processing time (24， 48， 72 h) to induce NRK cells senescence. Cellular senescence was described by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Fluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside (FDG) method was used to detect the quantity of β-galactosidase. The levels of SOD， MDA and GSH-PX in the supernatant were measured to show the changes of oxidative stress. The establishment of the NRK cell aging model was determined according to the outcome of these detections. After that， different concentrations of Erzhiwan (0.01， 0.1， 1 g/L) were added into the culture medium， and the effect of Erzhiwan on the aged NRK cell was observed according to the outcome of FDG detection. The activity of SOD and GSH-PX， the content of MDA were measured. RESULTS Compared with control group， the number of β-galactosidase-positive cells in model group (20 g/L D-gal exposure for 48 h) was apparently increased. In model group， the activity of β-galactosidase detected by FDG was markedly increased， and the activity of SOD， GSH-PX was down-regulated while the content of MDA in the cell culture supernatant was increased. No significant change of the cell viability between the 2 groups was observed. Compared with model group， the activity of β-galactosidase in Erzhiwan treatment group was decreased. Erzhiwan also up-regulated the activity of SOD， GSH-PX and decreased the content of MDA in the cells. CONCLUSION Up-regulation of oxidative stress level exists in D-gal-induced aged NRK cells. Erzhiwan attenuates D-gal-induced senescence in NRK cells.

Research on Metabolism of Compound Sophora and Its Interaction with Paclitaxel Based on Cytochrome P450s

CAIXiao-jun, CHENYan, HEQing, LUYi, ZHANGXiu-hong, HUANGKai, WENHao

2018, 34(1): 87-90.

[Abstract](1265) [PDF 1446KB](1311)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the metabolism of compound sophora injection based on cytochrome P450s enzyme and its interaction with paclitaxel in vitro in order to provide references for clinical application. METHODS Different concentrations of compound sophora injection (v/v) were co-incubated with human liver microsomes and the substrates of CYP2C8 （paclitaxel）. After the co-incubation， 6α-OH-paclitaxel as the specific substrate metabolite was analyzed by LC-MS/MS assay and then the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was calculated. RESULTS The inhibition rate of compound sophora injection on CYP2C8 was 100.0% at 0.600 g/mL and its IC₅₀ value was 0.052 8 g/mL. CONCLUSION Drug-drug interaction induced by the inhibition of CYP450 enzymes exists between compound sophora injection and paclitaxel in vitro， which can provide reference for the clinical application of these two drugs in cancer therapy.

Determination of Lithospermoside and Griffonilide in Rat Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS

FANHui-sen, YANQiu-ying, ZhangHai-bing, CHENGHai-bo, SHENWei-xing, WANGZhen-zhong, SUNDong-dong

2018, 34(1): 91-95.

[Abstract](1381) [PDF 1334KB](1373)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To establish an UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of lithospermoside and griffonilide in rat plasma and study its pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS The separation was performed on Aglient C₁₈column (100 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm) with acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% aqueous formic acid (B) as the gradient elution mobile phase (0~1 min，5%~20%B；1~2 min， 20%~60%B；2~6 min，60%~70%B；6~6.5 min，70%~5%B；6.5~7.5 min，5%B)， the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min， the column temperature was set at 35 ℃ and the injection volume was 3 μL. UPLC-MS/MS was used to detected the concentration of lithospermoside and griffonilide in rat plasma after oral administration of Semiaquilegiae Radix. The pharmacokinetics parameters of lithospermoside and griffonilide were calculated by DAS 2.0 software. RESULTS Good linearity was found in lithospermoside and griffonilide within linear range from 0.701 9 ~ 140.4 ng/mL and 1.120 2 ~ 240.4 ng/mL， respectively. The RSD of accuracy and intra-/inter-day precision were less than 15%. The recovery of the method was ranged from 87.22% to 107.75%. Lithospermoside and griffonilide were absorbed rapidly， the highest plasma concentration reached at 0.5 h， and the drug removed from body very fast and eliminated completely in 24 h. CONCLUSION This method is accuracy and stability for the study on pharmacokinetics of lithospermoside and griffonilide in rat plasma.

Study on Clinical Points Selection Rules of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury Induced Urinary Retention Based on Data Mining Technology

CHENGJie, CHENXia, ZHUYi

2018, 34(1): 96-100.

[Abstract](1422) [PDF 1142KB](1305)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical points selection rules of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of spinal cord injury induced urinary retention. METHODS From the data base establishment to 2016， the clinical literatures about spinal cord injury induced urinary retention mainly treated with acupuncture and moxibustion were retrieved in CNKI， WANGFANG， VIP and Pubmed. And descriptive analysis， association rule analysis and clustering analysis were performed on these literatures. RESULTS In the treatment of spinal cord injury induced urinary retention， electroacupuncture (EA) was mainly used， which was usually combined with other comprehensive Chinese and Western rehabilitation therapy. Clinically， the most commonly used points with the highest frequency included 16 points such as Guanyuan (CV 4)， Zhongji (CV 3)， Ciliao (BL 32) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). There was a highest correlation among Shangliao (BL 31)， Ciliao (BL 32)， Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34). The effective acupoint clusters included Xialiao (BL 34)， Shangliao (BL 31)， Zhongliao (BL 33) and Ciliao (BL 32); Guanyuan (CV 4)， Zhongji (CV 3) and Qihai (CV 6); Yinlingquan (SP 9)， Zhongji (CV 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6); Shenshu (BL 23) and Pangguangshu (BL 28); Shuidao (ST 28)， Qugu (CV 2)， Mingmen (GV 4) and Huiyang (BL 35). CONCLUSION The application of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment (especially EA) for spinal cord injury induced urinary retention is receiving more and more attention in clinic. The clinical treatment and points selection thoughts reflect the characteristics of traditional and modern combination.

Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Ventilating Lung Qi for Postinfectious Cough

TAO Guo-bin, ZHOU Wei, ZHU Hong-lin, LIN Chao-liang, CHENG Xiang-jin, JIN Man

2018, 34(1): 101-104.

[Abstract](1462) [PDF 1412KB](1202)

Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of Ventilating Lung Qi for the treatment of postinfectious cough. METHODS All randomized controlled trails (RCT) regarding Ventilating Lung valuation the treatment of Postinfectious cough date up to September 2016 were collected from the Cochrane library， PubMed， china biology medicine (CBM)， CNKI， VIP and Wanfang. Jadad scale was taken for quality evaluation of the included studies by two researches. The patients in the control group were given conventional treatment， the experimental group was given ventilating lung qi treatment or combined with other treatments. The total effective rate， the integral of cough symptoms， cough response time， and the adverse reactions of patients treated with Ventilating Lung Qi method were systematically evaluated by RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 33 RCT literatures were enrolled. Meta-analysis results showed that Vantilating Lung Qi method could significantly increase the total effect rate [OR=4.10，95%CI（3.25，5.18），P<0.01]， in cough treatment， improve integral of cough symptom [MD=-1.93，95%CI（-2.59，-1.27），P<0.01]， and effectively decrease cough response time [MD=-1.09，95%CI(-1.31，-0.87)，P<0.01] compared with those of the conventional treatment. And the adverse reactions in Ventilating Lung Qi group was also significantly lower [OR=0.36，95%CI(0.18，0.72)，P<0.01] than that in the control group. CONCLUSION The Ventilating Lung Qi method has obvious advantages for treating postinfectious cough. But， for the low-quality of the enrolled literatures， large-scale， high-quality RC are needed to provide stronger evidence.

Review and Analysis on Projects Funded by NSFC in Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2017

YANGKun-bao, WUMei-ping, ZHANGHan, WEIQing-shuang, BIMing-gang

2018, 34(1): 105-108.

[Abstract](2041) [PDF 1309KB](1809)

Abstract:
To review the application， acceptance， evaluation and funding of the General， Youth and Regional Science Fund supported by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation in traditional Chinese medicine in 2017.There were 4 472 applications in the subject，114 of which failed in the formal examination，4 358 applications were accepted in the next assessment step; 1 403 applications got more than 2 recommendations after peer assessment and 637 applications were funded in the end. The major problems in every step of Science Fund were analyzed in this paper. The author hopes all applicants should pay attention to the problems， and then improve the quality of applications in the field.

2018 Vol. 34, No. 1

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