Abstract: This article focuses on the differentiation and treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome(pSS) based on the spleen fire theory. The connotation of the spleen fire theory is discussed, and the differences between spleen fire and other visceral fire such as yin fire are distinguished. The correlation between spleen fire theory and pSS is explained, and it is believed that spleen deficiency, lack of power to transport and transform, spleen failure to raise nutritious substances, stagnation transforming into fire are the key to its pathogenesis; the pathological transformation of pSS is characterized by the long-term damage of spleen soil to other organs, resulting in the stasis of collaterals. Invigorating the spleen and replenishing qi, removing fire and moistening dryness, generating fluid and unblocking collaterals are the main treatment methods, which provide ideas and methods for the traditional Chinese medicine differentiation and treatment of pSS.