药用植物基因编辑种质创新应用与制度监管

谢珍妮; 劳嘉; 钟灿; 贺炜; 张水寒; 金剑

doi:10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2023.0393

药用植物基因编辑种质创新应用与制度监管

doi: 10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2023.0393

谢珍妮^{1, 2,},
劳嘉³,
钟灿²,
贺炜³,
张水寒²,
金剑^2, ,

1.
湖南中医药大学研究生院, 湖南长沙 410036
2.
湖南省中医药研究院中药资源研究所，湖南长沙 410013
3.
绿之韵生物工程集团有限公司, 湖南长沙 410329

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 81803664

湖南省自然科学基金 2021JJ30420

湖南创新型省份建设专项 2022RC1224

湖南创新型省份建设专项 2022GK4015

湖南创新型省份建设专项 2022NK2005

2018年中医药公共卫生服务补助专项“全国中药资源普查” 财社〔2018〕43号

长沙市技术创新平台项目 kh2004018

长沙市杰出创新青年培养计划项目 kq2206064

详细信息

作者简介:
谢珍妮, 女, 硕士研究生，E-mail: xiezhenni1013@163.com

通讯作者:
金剑, 男，副研究员, 主要从事中药生物技术与中药资源综合开发利用研究，E-mail: jinjian2016@163.com

中图分类号: R282
计量
- 文章访问数: 193
- HTML全文浏览量: 51
- PDF下载量: 13
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-17
- 发布日期: 2023-04-10

Application and Institutional Supervision of Gene Editing for Germplasm Innovation of Medicinal Plant Resources

XIE Zhen-ni^{1, 2
,},
LAO Jia³,
ZHONG Can²,
HE Wei³,
ZHANG Shui-han²,
JIN Jian^{2
, ,}

1.
Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410036, China
2.
Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
3.
Resgreen Group International Inc., Changsha 410329, China

摘要

摘要: 药用植物资源是我国传统中医药学的重要组成部分, 基因编辑技术能够在不引入外源基因的情况下进行基因组定点靶向突变, 实现药用植物资源种质创新。CRISPR基因编辑技术是近年广泛应用的基因编辑技术, 已在甜橙、铁皮石斛、罂粟、丹参、地黄、人参、灵芝、金针菇、竹黄、蛹虫草、茯苓等药用植物中研究和应用, 构建了基因编辑体系, 开展了活性成分关键基因与含量调控研究、表型性状关键基因与品质改良研究。中国、美国、日本、巴西、澳大利亚等国家陆续出台基因编辑种质创新相应的监管政策, 促进了其产业化发展。建议进一步推进药用植物资源基因编辑种质创新基础研究、加强药用植物基因编辑后药物等效性评价、开展科普宣传和建立科学监管体系。
- 药用植物 /
- 基因编辑 /
- CRISPR/Cas9 /
- 活性成分 /
- 表型性状
Abstract: Medicinal plant resources are an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine, gene editing technology can realize site-specific targeted mutation of genome and innovation of medicinal plants germplasm without introducing other genes. CRISPR gene editing technology, the widely used gene editing technology in recent years, has been investigated and applied in medicinal plants resources, and a corresponding gene editing system has been constructed in Citrus sinensis, Dendrobium officinale, Opium poppy, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Rehmannia glutinosa, Panax ginseng, Ganoderma lucidum, Flammulina filiformis, Shiraia bambusicola, Cordyceps militaris, etc. Research on active components and content regulation of key genes, phenotypic traits, and quality improvement research of key genes, has been carried out in medicinal plants resources. China, the United States, Japan, Brazil, Australia, and other countries have successively issued corresponding regulatory policies for gene editing germplasm innovation, which promotes its industrialization. This paper proposes to further advance the basic research of gene editing germplasm innovation of medicinal plants resources, strengthen the research on drug equivalence after gene editing of germplasm, launch popular science publicity and establish a scientific supervision system.
- medicinal plants resources /
- gene editing technology /
- CRISPR/Cas9 /
- active ingredient /
- phenotypic traits

HTML全文

图 1 不同药用植物资源种质创新技术原理

注：A.自发突变和诱变; B.转基因; C.基因编辑

Figure 1. The principle of different technology for germplasm innovation in traditional Chinese medicine resources

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 我国药用植物种质创新制度监管历程

Figure 2. The regulatory process for germplasm innovation of medicinal plants resources in China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 CRISPR基因编辑技术在药用植物中的应用

Table 1. Application of CRISPR gene editing technology in traditional Chinese medicine resources

收录来源	药材名	基原名	发表时间	编辑基因	转化方式	编辑模式	参考文献
中国药典(2020版)	枳实	甜橙Citrus sinensis	2014	CsPDS	ATMT	NHEJ	[12]
	铁皮石斛	铁皮石斛 Dendrobium officinale	2016	C3H、C4H、4CL、CCR、IRX	ATMT	NHEJ	[21]
	罂粟壳	罂粟Opium poppy	2016	4'OMT2	ATMT	NHEJ	[22]
	丹参	丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza	2017 2018 2021	SmCPS1 RAS CYP76AK2、CYP76AK3	ATMT ATMT ATMT	NHEJ NHEJ NHEJ	[17] [18] [19]
	地黄	地黄Rehmannia glutinosa	2021	PDS	ATMT	NHEJ	[13]
	人参/ 人参叶	人参Panax ginseng	2021	CAS	ATMT	-	[20]
	灵芝	赤芝 Ganoderma lucidum	2017 2020 2020 2020	URA3 URA3、GL17624 URA3、cyp505d13、cyp5150l8 glcrz1、glcrz2	PMT PMT PMT PMT	NHEJ NHEJ NHEJ/HDR NHEJ	[14] [28] [15] [29]
	茯苓	茯苓Poria cocos	2022	URA3	PMT	NHEJ	[27]
山东省中药材标准 (2012版)	金针菇	冬菇 Collybia velutipes	2016 2018 2019	Mads-8 HK1、HK2 Fvgpcr1、Fvgpcr2	PMT PMT ATMT	- - -	[24] [25] [26]
湖南省(2009版)、湖北省(2018版) 中药材质量标准	竹黄	竹黄菌 Shiraia bambusicola	2017	SbaPKS	PMT	HDR	[23]
吉林省(2019年版)、辽宁省(2019版) 中药材标准	蛹虫草	蛹虫草菌 Cordyceps militaris	2018	URA3	ATMT/ PMT	NHEJ	[16]
注: PMT.PEG介导原生质体转化; ATMT.农杆菌介导转化; HDR.同源修复; NHEJ.非同源末端连接

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 全球基因编辑技术法规监管现状

Table 2. Global regulatory status of gene editing technology

地区	等同转基因技术监管	基因编辑监管法规提案	基因编辑相关监管法规发布
北美洲	—	加拿大(2021)	美国(2020)、洪都拉斯(2019)
亚洲	—	印度尼西亚(2020)、印度(2020)	中国(2022)、日本(2019)、菲律宾(2018)
非洲	—	布基纳法索(2020)、加纳(2020)、肯尼亚(2019)	尼日利亚(2020)
南美洲	—	—	哥伦比亚(2018)、厄瓜多尔(2019)、巴西(2018)、智利(2017)、阿根廷(2019)、巴拉圭(2019)
欧洲	欧盟国家(2018)	挪威(2017)	—
大洋洲	新西兰(2016)	—	澳大利亚(2019)
注: 根据《Global Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops Amid the Gene Edited Crop Boom-A Review》^[33]文献数据信息整理; “—”表示暂无相关信息。

下载: 导出CSV

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