Herbalogical Study on Styrax Japonicus Sieb. et Zucc.
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摘要: 野茉莉是一种民间药用植物, 可用治风火牙痛、喉痛及风湿痹痛等, 广泛分布于我国各地。通过对历代本草、方书等收集整理, 结合近现代文献资料对野茉莉的名称、植物基原、药性功效3方面进行考证, 梳理其历史沿革与发展。经考证野茉莉拉丁名为Styrax japonicus Sieb. et Zucc., 来源于安息香科安息香属植物, 花、叶、果实、虫瘿均可入药。清代典籍中以“洗澡花”“晚饭花”“粉花美人”“珠花”“紫茉莉”“夜娇娇”“野丁香”“粉豆花”“秋丁香”“北茉莉”或“臭茉莉”为别名的野茉莉均非本种。近现代野茉莉名称经历了由“齐墩果”→“野茉莉”→“侯风藤”→“野茉莉”的变化, 最终以野茉莉为正名, 且齐墩果、候风藤与野茉莉并非同种植物; 别名中“君迁子”“山白果”“白雪花”因有其对应的原植物, 且非本种, 不适合作野茉莉别名。此外, 对野茉莉药性归经进行了系统整理和分析, 认为野茉莉不同药用部位对应的性味归经还有待进一步研究阐释。野茉莉的本草考证为其正本清源, 进一步安全、有效、合理开发野茉莉资源提供理论依据。Abstract: Styrax japonicus Sieb. et Zucc. is a Chinese folk medicine used to treat the wind-fire toothache, sore throat, rheumatic, together with the painful bi syndrome, and is widely distributed in China. Its name, botanical origin, combined with medicinal property and efficacy were explored through the investigation of its historical development, as well as the collation of herbs and prescription books of all ages. Its Latin name is Styrax japonicus Sieb. et Zucc., and it comes from the benzoinum plant of styracaceae family. Besides, its flowers, leaves, fruits, and insect galls can all be used as medicine. In the Qing dynasty, it was known as bathing flower, dinner flower, pink beauty, pearl flower, purple jasmine, night jiaojiao, wild lilac, pink bean flower, autumn lilac, northern jasmine, or stinky jasmine. However, the above varieties were not considered as the native species. In modern times, the name of styrax japonicus has undergone a change from qidun fruit, then styrax japonicus, and then houfeng vine, again to styrax japonicus. Finally, styrax japonicus is the certified name. The qidun fruit, houfeng vine, and the styrax japonicus are not the same species. The aliases jun qian zi, shan bai guo, and bai xue hua do not apply to styrax japonicus because they have their own original plants and are not subordinated to the same species. In addition, through systematizing and analyzing the medicinal properties and meridian entries of styrax japonicus, it is concluded that further research is needed to elucidate the specific properties and meridians entries of its different medicinal parts. The herbalogical study on styrax japonicus provides a theoretical basis for further safe, effective, and rational development of Styrax japonicus Sieb. et Zucc. resources.
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Key words:
- Styrax japonicus Sieb. et Zucc. /
- herbalogical study /
- origin /
- medicinal properties /
- efficacy
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表 1 野茉莉性味功效
Table 1. Property and efficacy of Styrax japonicus Sieb. et Zucc.
时间 性味功效主治 入药部位 出处 1970 性温, 味辛。祛风除湿。 寄生包(虫瘿内的白粉)、叶、果 《贵州草药》[28]866 1970 性寒, 味苦、涩, 有小毒。收敛。 未成熟果实 《青岛中草药手册》[45] 1972 祛风除湿, 治瘫痪。 虫瘿、叶、果 《贵州药用植物目录》[58] 1974 味辛、苦, 性温, 有小毒。祛风除湿, 舒筋通络, 主治风湿痹痛, 瘫痪。 果、叶 《南充常用中草药》[59] 1978 辛、温。花: 清火, 主治喉痛、牙痛; 虫瘿、叶和果: 祛风除湿。 花、虫瘿内白粉、叶、果 《全国中草药汇编》[3]801 1980 风火牙痛、喉痛 花 《浙江药用植物志》[60] 1989 清热降火, 祛风除湿。 叶、花、果、虫瘿 《湖南省中药资源名录》[61] 1994 全株: 辛, 温。祛风除湿。花: 清火, 用于咽喉肿痛、牙痛 全株、花 《中国中药资源志要》[29]929 1994 辛, 温。消肿止痛, 祛风除湿, 用于喉痛、牙痛、风湿关节痛、前列腺炎、四肢瘫痪 根、花 《中国民间生草药原色图谱》[55]314 1999 味辛、苦, 性温, 有小毒。祛风除湿, 舒筋通络, 主治风湿痹痛, 瘫痪。 叶、果实 《中华本草》[42]147 2005 辛、苦、微温, 小毒, 归肝经。祛风除湿, 舒经通络, 主治风湿痹通, 瘫痪。 叶、果实 《湖南药物志》[62] 2006 辛, 温。花: 清火, 主治咽喉痛、牙痛。叶、果及寄生包: 祛风除湿, 主治风湿关节疼痛。 花、叶、果及虫瘿内白粉 《湖北恩施药用植物志》[63] 2010 辛、温。祛风除湿, 止咳润肺, 主治慢性支气管炎、瘫痪等。花: 清火, 主治喉痛牙痛。 - 《辽宁中药志》[64] 2012 辛、苦, 温, 有小毒。叶、果: 祛风除湿, 外用于风湿痹痛。花: 清热, 用于喉痛, 牙痛。 叶、果、花 《云南天然药物图鉴》[65] 2014 辛、温, 有小毒。祛风除湿, 主治风湿痹痛。 叶、果、花及虫瘿内白粉 《全国中草药汇编》[54]543 2015 辛, 温。祛风除湿, 主治风湿瘫痪。 - 《黔南本草》[66] 2016 甘、淡、微寒。清热利湿, 解毒活血。 - 《特色中草药及配方》[56]3 2017 辛、温。花: 清火。叶、果实、虫瘿: 祛风除湿。 花、叶、果 《北仑中草药图鉴》[67] 2019 辛、苦、平, 归心、脾经。花: 清热解毒, 用于咽喉痛、牙痛。叶、果实、虫瘿: 祛风除湿, 用于风湿性关节炎, 瘫痪。 花、虫瘿内白粉、叶、果 《桂北药用植物资源现代研究》[57]310 2019 辛、温。清火, 主喉痛、牙痛。 花 《湖北红安中药植物志》[68] 注: “-”指无相关记载。 -
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