秋葵属植物资源研究进展

蒲维娅; 张瑜

doi:10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2022.0172

秋葵属植物资源研究进展

doi: 10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2022.0172

蒲维娅^1,,
张瑜^2, ,

1.
南京中医药大学附属医院，江苏南京 210029
2.
南京中医药大学药学院，江苏南京 210023

基金项目:

全国中药资源普查项目财社〔2019〕39号

详细信息

作者简介:
蒲维娅, 女, 副主任中药师, E-mail: 3054517647@qq.com

通讯作者:
张瑜, 女, 副教授, 主要从事中药资源生产、应用与保护研究, E-mail: catyuer@163.com

中图分类号: R282
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- 文章访问数: 329
- HTML全文浏览量: 114
- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-01
- 发布日期: 2022-02-10

Progress Research of Okra Plant Resources

PU Wei-ya^1
,,
ZHANG Yu^{2
, ,}

1.
The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
2.
School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China

摘要

摘要: 我国秋葵属植物多为药用植物资源, 应用广泛, 可药用、食用、饲用、工业用、观赏用等。笔者从秋葵属植物的分类、生境与分布、药用资源种类、主要药效成分、药理学作用、应用前景等方面进行了综述, 全方位了解秋葵属植物资源。
- 秋葵属 /
- 药用植物资源 /
- 分类与分布 /
- 药效成分与药理作用
Abstract: Most of okra are medicinal plant resources in our country, which are widely used for medicinal, edible, feed, industrial, and ornamental purposes. This article reviews the classification, habitat and distribution, types of medicinal resources, main medicinal ingredients, pharmacological effects and application prospects of okra, and has a comprehensive understanding of the resources of okra plants.
- okra /
- medicinal plant resources /
- classification and distribution /
- medicinal ingredients and pharmacological effects

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图 1 秋葵属分种检索表

Figure 1. Okra Species Key List

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表 1 我国秋葵属植物的生境与分布

Table 1. Habitat and distribution of Okra in China

序号	种名	生境	分布
1	黄蜀葵A. manihot (L.) Medicus 黄蜀葵(原变种)A. Manihot var. Manihot	常生于山谷草丛、田边或沟旁灌丛间	河北、山东、河南、陕西、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南、广西、广东和福建等省区
2	刚毛黄蜀葵A. manihot (Linn.) Medicus var. pungens (Roxb.) Hochr.	常生于山谷草丛、田边或沟旁灌丛间	云南、贵州、四川、湖北、广东、广西及台湾等省区
3	长毛黄葵A. crinitus Wall.	生于海拔300~1 300 m的草坡	贵州、云南、广东、海南和广西等省区
4	木里秋葵A. muliensis Feng	生于海拔1 250~2 100 m的山坡草丛间	四川西南部木里县通天河和米易县莲花乡
5	咖啡黄葵A. esculentus (L.) Moench	原产于印度, 为我国引入栽培品, 广泛栽培于热带和亚热带地区	河北、山东、江苏、浙江、湖南、湖北、云南和广东等省区
6	黄葵A. moschatus Medicus	栽培或野生, 常生于平原、山谷、溪涧旁或山坡灌丛中	台湾、广东、广西、江西、湖南和云南等省区
7	箭叶秋葵A. sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr.	常生于低丘、草坡、旷地、稀疏松林下或干燥的瘠地	广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南等省区

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表 2 秋葵属药用资源种类

Table 2. Medicinal resources of okra

序号	药材名	来源(原植物)	药用部位	功效	主治	收录处
1	山芙蓉	长毛黄葵A. crinitusWall.	根	健脾消食, 解毒	胸腹胀满, 消化不良, 便秘, 咽喉肿痛, 肺热咳嗽, 疮疖	《广西药用植物名录》
2	黄茄花	长毛黄葵A. crinitusWall.	花	解毒敛疮	烧烫伤, 皮肤红热灼痛	《四川常用中草药》
3	秋葵	咖啡黄葵A. esculentus(L.)Moench	根、叶、花或种子	利咽, 通淋, 下乳, 调经	咽喉肿痛, 小便淋涩, 产后乳汁稀少, 月经不调	《台湾药用植物志》
4	黄蜀葵花	黄蜀葵A. manihot (L.) Medicus刚毛黄蜀葵A. manihot(Linn.)Medicus var. pungens(Roxb.)Hochr.	花	利尿通淋, 活血止血, 消肿解毒	淋证, 吐血, 衄血, 崩漏, 胎衣不下, 痈肿疮毒, 水火烫伤	《嘉祐本草》
5	黄蜀葵子	黄蜀葵A. manihot (L.) Medicus	种子	利水, 通经, 消肿解毒	淋证, 水肿, 便秘, 乳汁不通, 痈肿, 跌打损伤	《本草衍义》
6	黄蜀葵叶	黄蜀葵A. manihot (L.) Medicus	叶	清热解毒, 接骨生肌	热毒疮痈, 尿路感染, 骨折, 烫火伤, 外伤出血	《福建民间草药》
7	黄蜀葵茎	黄蜀葵A. manihot (L.) Medicus	茎或茎皮	清热解毒, 通便利尿	高热不退, 大便秘结, 小便不利, 疔疮肿毒, 烫伤	江西《草药手册》
8	黄蜀葵根	黄蜀葵A. manihot (L.) Medicus刚毛黄蜀葵A. manihot(Linn.)Medicus var. pungens (Roxb.) Hochr.	根	利水, 通经, 解毒	淋证, 水肿, 便秘, 跌打损伤, 乳汁不通, 痈肿, 聍耳, 腮腺炎	《本草纲目》
9	黄葵	黄葵A. moschatus Medicus	全株	清热解毒, 下乳通便	高热不退, 肺热咳嗽, 痢疾, 大便秘结, 产后乳汁不通, 骨折, 痈疮脓肿, 无名肿毒, 水火烫伤	《广西中草药》
10	五指山参	箭叶秋葵A. sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr.	根	滋阴润肺, 和胃	肺燥咳嗽, 肺痨, 胃痛, 疳积, 神经衰弱	广州部队《常用中草药手册》
11	火炮草果	箭叶秋葵A. sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr.	果实	柔肝补肾, 和胃止痛	肾虚耳聋, 胃痛, 疳积, 少年白发	《云南中草药》
12	五指山参叶	箭叶秋葵A. sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr.	叶	解毒排脓	疮痈肿毒	《广西本草选编》

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表 3 秋葵属药用植物主要药效成分及分布部位

Table 3. Main medicinal components and distribution parts of okra medicinal plants

序号	药效成分群	化学成分	分布部位
1	黄酮类	槲皮素、杨梅素、棉皮素、金丝桃苷、没食子酸、原儿茶酸、芦丁、异槲皮苷、银椴苷、槲皮素-3'-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-木糖基-(1→2)-α-L-鼠李糖基(1→6)]-β-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷、槲皮素-3'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-刺槐糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-6″-乙酰葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、杨梅素-3'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-刺槐糖苷、棉皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、棉皮素-3'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、棉皮素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、原儿茶酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、5-羟甲基糠酸、山柰酚-3-O-[3″-O-乙酰基-6″-O-(E)-对羟基桂皮酰基]-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、8-甲氧基槲皮素、5-羟基-4', 7, 8-三甲氧基黄酮、3', 5-二羟基-7, 8-二甲氧基黄酮-4'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、4'-甲氧基-5, 7-二羟基黄酮-8-[O-β-D-木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、3'-甲氧基-5, 7-二羟基黄酮-8-[O-β-D-木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、Acortatarin、Myricetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside、8-(2"-Pyrrolidinone-5-yl)-quercetin、Floramanoside F、Isomyricitrin、Dihydromyricetin、3-O-Kaempferol-3-O-acetyl-6-O-(p-coumaroyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside、3, 3', 4', 5, 5', 7, 8-Heptahydroxylflavone-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside、3, 3', 4', 5, 5', 7, 8-Heptahydroxylflavone-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside、3, 3', 4', 7-Tetrahydroxyl-5-methoxylflavone-3-O-robinoside、Quercetin-3'-O-(6″-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside、Quercetin-8-(6″-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside^{[4-7, 9-14, 16, 19]}	黄蜀葵花^{[4-7, 9-15]}、黄蜀葵叶^[16]、咖啡黄葵果实^[19]
2	氨基酸及核苷类	腺嘌呤核苷、5'-Deoxy-5'-methylsulphinyl adenosine、尿嘧啶、烟酰胺^[4]; 亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸、甲硫氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸、丙氨酸、反式-4-羟基脯氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、瓜氨酸、精氨酸、鸟氨酸、半胱氨酸、胸腺嘧啶、胸苷、2'-脱氧尿苷、2'-脱氧腺苷、腺嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、胞嘧啶^[15-16]	黄蜀葵花^[4]、黄蜀葵种子^[15]、黄蜀葵茎^[16]、黄蜀葵根^[16]、黄蜀葵叶^[16]
3	有机酸类	(E)-9-Octadecenoic acid、没食子酸^[4]; 2, 4-二羟基苯甲酸、咖啡酸、3-O-咖啡酸奎尼酸、3, 5-O-二咖啡酸奎尼酸、4, 5-O-二咖啡酸奎尼酸、3, 4-O-二咖啡酸奎尼酸、原儿茶酸^[6-8]; 亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸、棕榈油酸^[15]	黄蜀葵花^{[4, 6-8]}、黄蜀葵种子^[15]
4	甾类	豆甾醇、α-菠甾醇、β-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、β-胡萝卜苷^{[6-7, 19]}	黄蜀葵花^[6-7]、咖啡黄葵果实^[19]
5	挥发油类	十四(烷)酸、十六烷、6, 10-二甲基-2-十一烷酮、二十一烷、十六(烷)酸、十八烷、十一烯酸烯丙酯、2, 6, 10, 15-四甲基十七烷、9, 12-二烯十八酸、二十二烷、二十四烷、顺丁烯二酸、正三十七烷酸、正三十烷醇^{[6-7, 10]}; 丙烯酸丁酯、十二烷四烯、壬酸、丁酸丁酯、苯甲醛、2-己烯醛、乙醛、2-甲基-丁酸-2-甲基丁酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸钾酯^[18]	黄蜀葵花^{[6-7, 10]}、咖啡黄葵花^[18]、咖啡黄葵叶^[18]、咖啡黄葵种子^[18]
6	矿质元素	K、Ca、Mg、Na、P、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Al、Ti、Cd^[17]	黄蜀葵种子^[17]
7	多糖类	甘露糖、多聚半乳糖、半乳聚糖、牛乳聚糖、鼠李聚糖、阿拉伯聚糖、果糖、蔗糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、D-果糖、D-木糖、D-葡萄糖^[20-22]	咖啡黄葵果实^[20-22]

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