中药外用制剂研究概述与展望

陈军; 梁秉文; 乔鹏丽; 严国俊; 尹少平; 付鹏; 王裔惟; 曾莉

doi:10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2022.0001

中药外用制剂研究:

栏目主持人按语：以经皮途径为主的中药外用制剂既是中医外治法的重要研究内容，也是中药药剂学的重要组成部分，距今已有数千年的应用历史，发展前景广阔。专栏的6篇论文由南京中医药大学江苏省中医外用药开发与应用工程研究中心的专家撰写，分别对中药外用制剂的研究现状、品质传递过程、作用机制，以及经皮外用脂质体、凝胶贴膏剂和挥发油透皮促渗剂等最新研究成果进行深入阐述，以期为中药外用制剂的深入研究与开发应用提供科学依据。此专栏的推出，相信对于中药外用制剂领域研究必将产生积极的推动作用。

——世界中医药学会联合会经皮给药专业委员会会长梁秉文教授

中药外用制剂研究概述与展望

doi: 10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2022.0001

陈军^{1, 2,},
梁秉文³,
乔鹏丽^{1, 2},
严国俊^{1, 2},
尹少平^{1, 2},
付鹏^{1, 4},
王裔惟^{1, 2},
曾莉^{1, 5, ,}

1.
南京中医药大学江苏省中医外用药开发与应用工程研究中心, 江苏南京 210023
2.
南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏南京 210023
3.
世界中医药学会联合会经皮给药专业委员会，北京 100101
4.
南京中医药大学中医学院·中西医结合学院, 江苏南京 210023
5.
南京中医药大学第一临床医学院, 江苏南京 210023

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 82173994

江苏省高校自然科学基金面上项目 21KJB360020

江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心重点项目 ZDXM-2020-25

详细信息

作者简介:
陈军 1975年生，男，江苏泰州人，教授, 博士，美国堪萨斯大学访问学者，江苏省青蓝工程中青年学术带头人，国家中医药管理局重点学科南京中医药大学中药药剂学科后备带头人，世界中医药联合会经皮给药委员会副秘书长，民进江苏省委医卫体育委员会副主任，主要从事中药经皮给药制剂和中药脂质体的研究。
陈军, 男, 教授, E-mail: chenjun75@njucm.edu.cn

通讯作者:
曾莉, 女, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事中医外用药研究, E-mail: zengbingli@163.com

中图分类号: R283
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- HTML全文浏览量: 454
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-28
- 发布日期: 2022-01-15

External Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicines: Overview and Future Direction

CHEN Jun^{1, 2
,},
LIANG Bing-wen³,
QIAO Peng-li^{1, 2},
YAN Guo-jun^{1, 2},
YIN Shao-ping^{1, 2},
FU Peng^{1, 4},
WANG Yi-wei^{1, 2},
ZENG Li^{1, 5
, ,}

1.
Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
2.
School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
3.
Transdermal Drug Administration Committee, World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, Beijing 100101, China
4.
School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
5.
The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China

摘要

摘要: 中药外用制剂具有深厚的历史积淀和独特的作用优势, 但近年来发展受到一定限制。笔者在回顾中药外用制剂发展历程、概述中药传统和现代外用制剂发展现状的基础上, 提出了中药外用制剂面临的关键问题和可能的解决途径, 并对中药外用制剂的研究趋势进行了展望。外用制剂与口服、注射制剂有“三分天下”的发展趋势, 中药外用制剂研究重点在于解决关键物质基础不明、外用吸收效率低和慢性创面难以愈合三大关键问题, 有望通过仿生膜分离技术、中药挥发油促渗剂开发和创面微生态调节加以解决。未来的中药外用制剂研究热点可能集中在创新材料研究、创新技术应用、创新制剂研究和微生态研究方面, 发展前景广阔。
- 中药外用制剂 /
- 皮肤 /
- 黏膜 /
- 创面 /
- 微生态
Abstract: The external use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a profound history and remarkable advantages. However, its development is limited in recent years. The present article overviewed the history of external preparations of TCM and discussed the status of the formulations which have been utilized in both of TCM and modern pharmaceutics. Based on such foundation, the key issues, and potential solutions for external preparations of TCM are raised, while future direction in investigating external preparations in TCM are also discussed. External preparations are believed to be one of the three major formulations in future development of TCM pharmaceutics compared to oral administration and injection. Three unresolved questions in external preparations of TCM are known to be unclear chemical fundamentals, poor absorption efficiency and delayed wound healing. These issues are expected to be investigated via using biomimetic membrane separation technology, TCM essential oil and skin microbiome. In the future, TCM external preparations will have a broad prospect in many fields, such as novel biomaterials, innovative technology application, new formulation techniques and microbiome, which will lead to further development in external formulation of TCM.
- external preparations of traditional Chinese medicine /
- skin /
- mucous membrane /
- wound healing /
- microbiome
注释:

HTML全文

图 1 皮肤电阻动力学技术与传统促渗评价技术的比较

Figure 1. Comparison of skin resistance dynamics technique with traditional osmotic evaluation technique

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 基于环糊精包合物脂质体技术的莪术油经皮外用多靶递送策略

Figure 2. Multi-target transcutaneous delivery strategy of Zedoary turmeric oil based on cyclodextrin inclusion liposome technology

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 中药外用制剂的相关文献记载

Table 1. Ancient codes and records of external preparations of traditional Chinese medicines

时代	文献出处	作者	相关记载	意义
商代	《殷墟卜辞》	-	-	首次出现中药外用文字记载
西周	《周礼·天官》	周公旦	“掌肿疡、溃疡、金疡、折疡之祝药刮杀之齐”^[4]	体现出外用剂型的概念
先秦两汉	《黄帝内经》	-	记载了用蜀椒、干姜、桂心渍酒以熨寒痹	被《理瀹骈文》认为是“此用膏药之始”^[1]¹
先秦两汉	《神农本草经》	-	“药性有宜丸者, 宜散者, 宜水煮者, 宜酒渍者, 宜膏煎者, 亦有一物兼宜者, 亦有不可入汤酒者, 并随药性, 不得违越”^[5]	提出剂型的选择需依据中药药性来确定
晋代	《刘涓子鬼遗方》	刘涓子	用猪脂(即猪油)作为赋形剂和药物成分发挥“药辅合一”作用制备油脂性软膏剂	最早外科学专著
唐代	《备急千金要方》	孙思邈	记载了多种外用汤剂, 如用苦参汤“以浴儿疮上, 浴讫敷黄连散”, 发挥洗剂的作用	收录有1 200余首外治方
宋代	《小儿药证直诀》	钱乙	记载了很多散剂外用用法, 如白玉散, “白土(二钱五分, 又云滑石)、寒水石(五钱), 上为末, 用米醋或新水调涂”^[6]	外用制剂应用于儿科疾病治疗
明代	《外科正宗》	陈实功	提出“外之症必根于其内”^[7]的观点	记载了多种外用制剂及化妆品的制法与用法
清代	《医学源流论》	徐大椿	总结出“故凡病之气聚血结而有形者, 薄贴之法为良”的规律, 并且提出了“用膏贴之, 闭塞其气, 使药性从毛空而入其腠理, 通经贯络, 或提而出之, 或攻而散之, 较之服药尤有力, 此至妙之法也”^[8]	《薄贴论》描述了皮肤水合作用对透皮吸收的影响, 并且体现出了药性能够透皮吸收的药性传递思想
清代	《理瀹骈文》	吴尚先	“逮亲验万人, 始知膏药治病无殊汤药, 用之得法, 其响立应”“膏方取法, 不外于汤丸。凡汤丸之有效者, 皆可熬膏”^[1]⁹	外治学专著，提出外用制剂同内服制剂组方原则基本一致, 同样能实现高效速效

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