Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine against Triple Negative Breast Cancer and the Underlying Molecular Mechanism
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摘要: 三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)作为乳腺癌的一种亚型，具有侵袭性强、复发转移率高等特点，严重威胁女性身心健康，由于缺乏明确的分子靶标，目前仍以化疗为主，但临床治愈率低。中药可通过多途径、多靶点抑制TNBC的生长、降低其复发转移率，具有独特的治疗优势。文章结合国内外的最新研究成果，对中药及其活性成分抗TNBC的作用及其机制进行综述，为中药新药的开发及临床应用提供参考。Abstract: Triple negative breast cancer is an invasive subtype of breast cancer with high recurrence and metastasis rates, it threatens women's health seriously. Due to the lack of molecular targets, chemotherapy is still the main curing method. However, the clinical cure rate is very low. Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicines could prevent triple negative breast cancer proliferation and reduce its metastasis obviously by multiple pathways and targets. Combined with the latest research results, the activities and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients are reviewed, providing references for the development and clinical application of new Chinese medicines against triple negative breast cancer.
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表 1 植物来源抗TNBC活性成分
活性成分 植物来源 英文名 种类 药理模型(细胞) 作用机制 参考文献 蓝萼甲素 蓝萼香茶菜 Glaucocalyxin A 二萜 MDA-MB-231 抑制PI3K/Akt通路，诱导细胞凋亡 [10] 木犀草素 木犀草 Luteolin 黄酮 MDA-MB-231 促进细胞自噬 [11] 二氢杨梅素 藤茶 Dihydromyricetin 黄酮 MDA-MB-231 抑制端粒酶活性 [12] 川芎嗪 川芎 Ligustrazine 生物碱 MDA-MB-231 抑制EMT及PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路，诱导细胞凋亡 [13] 薯蓣皂苷 盾叶薯蓣 Dioscin 皂苷 MDA-MB-231/BT549 抑制MAPK通路及FOXO3a因子 [14] 岩藻多糖 海洋褐藻 Fucoidan 多糖 MDA-MB-231 抑制NF-κB/PI3K/Akt通路 [15] 白皮杉醇 葡萄、大黄 Piceatannol 蒽醌 MDA-MB-468 抑制Wnt/β-catenin通路，促进细胞凋亡 [16] 大黄素 大黄 Emodin 蒽醌 MDA-MB-468/BT549/MDA-MB-231 抑制Wnt/β-catenin通路及EMT活性 [17] 黄芪甲苷 黄芪 Astragaloside A 多糖 MDA-MB-231 抑制MAPK通路及Rac1因子 [18] 红景天苷 红景天 Salidroside 苷类 MDA-MB-231 抑制EGFR结合位点及JAK2/STAT3通路 [19] 芦荟大黄素 芦荟 Aloe-Emodin 蒽醌 MDA-MB-231 抑制FAK活性 [20] 辣椒碱 辣椒 Capsaicin 酰胺 MDA-MB-231 抑制FAK活性 [21] 秦皮乙素 秦皮、地黄 Esculetin 香豆素 MDA-MB-231 抑制肿瘤干细胞活性 [22] 异三尖杉酯碱 三尖杉 Isoharringtonine 生物碱 HCC1937 抑制STAT3通路，改善肿瘤微环境 [23] 白花丹醌 白花丹 Plumbagin purity 蒽醌 MDA-MB-231/468 抑制NF-κB通路 [24] 土贝母总皂苷 土贝母 Saponins of Bolbost-emma paniculatum 皂苷 MDA-MB-231 抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路 [25] 
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表 3 中药复方抗TNBC
中药复方 成分 药理模型 作用机制 参考文献 细胞 体内 温肾壮骨汤 淫羊藿、蛇床子、骨碎补、黄芪、葛根、甘草、白芍、桂枝、三七粉 MDA-MB-231 小鼠 抑制CCL5、IL-17B、IL-17BR表达 [30] 黄芪汤 黄芪、知母、石膏、白芍药、麦门冬(去心)、甘草(炙微赤、锉)、白茯苓、肉桂、川升麻、熟干地黄、人参(去芦头) MDA-MB-231 斑马鱼 抑制EMT活性 [31] 西黄丸 炙净乳香、没药、麝香、西牛黄 MDA-MB-231 小鼠 诱导细胞凋亡 [32] 追毒方 红豆杉、雷公藤、干蟾皮 MDA-MB-231 — 下调β3GnT8 BCRP、P-gp的表达 [33] 六味地黄丸 熟地黄、酒萸肉、山药、牡丹皮、茯苓、泽泻 - 小鼠 抑制Wnt/β-catenin通路及TCF-1 [34]
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