Optimization of Water Extracting Procession of Qingwei San through Multi-Targets Integrated Weighted Method
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摘要:
目的 采用多指标综合加权评分法结合正交试验优化经典名方清胃散的提取工艺。 方法 以煎煮水量、煎煮时间及煎煮次数为考察因素，高效液相(HPLC)特征图谱相似度、出膏率及主要成分异阿魏酸、阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、盐酸小檗碱和丹皮酚的含量为指标，采用层次分析法(AHP)结合指标相关性权重法(CRITIC)确定各指标的权重，结合正交试验计算综合评分，优化清胃散的煎煮工艺。 结果 确定清胃散的煎煮工艺为：取处方量饮片粗粉共24 g至锅中，加12倍水量，浸泡30 min，大火煮沸后小火煎煮60 min，煎煮两次，浓缩至200 mL，过滤即得。优化煎煮方法后的清胃散出膏率大于39.99%，HPLC特征图谱相似度>0.964，主要成分阿魏酸、异阿魏酸、毛蕊花糖苷、盐酸小檗碱和丹皮酚的平均含量分别为0.061%、0.535%、0.060%、0.261%、0.054%。 结论 特征图谱能较好表现清胃散全方及主要指标成分的信息，经考察后优化的煎煮工艺能更好地反映清胃散的综合煎煮质量，便于医疗机构煎煮操作，为清胃散标准汤剂的物质基础研究提供依据，并为其后续中药配方颗粒剂的开发研究提供实验参考。 -
关键词:
- 清胃散 /
- 提取工艺 /
- AHP结合CRITIC法 /
- 多指标综合加权评分法 /
- 正交试验
Abstract:OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of the classic prescription Qingwei San by using a multi-index comprehensive weighted scoring method combined with orthogonal experiment. METHODS The amount, time and times of decoction were taken as the influencing factors. The indicators concluded the similarity of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) characteristic fingerprint chromatograms, the rate of extraction and the contents of isoferulic acid, ferulic acid, verbascoside, berberine hydrochloride and paeonol. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with the index correlation weight method (CRITIC) was used to determine the weight of each indicator. The decoction process of Qingwei San was optimized combined with the orthogonal experiment to calculate the comprehensive score. RESULTS Finally, the optimized decoction process of Qingwei San was determined as the following. 24 g of coarse powder of the decoction pieces was taken into the pot, and 12 times the amount of water were added into the container and soaking for 30 minutes. The decoction was heated for 60 minutes with gentle fire after boiling with high heat, and extracted for twice. The decoction was concentrated to 200 mL after filtering. Following the optimized method, the extraction rate of Qingwei San was more than 39.99%, the similarity of characteristic fingerprint chromatograms was above 0.964. The main components of ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, verbascoside, berberine hydrochloride and paeonol were 0.061%, 0.535%, 0.060%, 0.261% and 0.054%, respectively. CONCLUSION The characteristic fingerprint chromatograms could better represent the information of the whole prescription of Qingwei San and the main representive components. The optimized decoction process reflects the comprehensive decoction quality of Qingwei San better, which is convenient for the operation in medical institutions. It will provide the basis for the study of the components in the standard decoction of Qingwei San, and an experimental reference for the development and research of granules of traditional Chinese medicine formulations in the future. -
图 1 全方、当归阴性、地黄阴性、升麻阴性、牡丹皮阴性、黄连阴性及各指标性成分专属性HPLC色谱图
注：A.混合对照品；B.全方；C.当归阴性；D.地黄阴性；E.丹皮阴性；F.黄连阴性; G.升麻阴性；
10.阿魏酸；11.异阿魏酸；12.毛蕊花糖苷；13.盐酸小檗碱；16.丹皮酚表 1 正交试验供试品溶液的含量测定结果(
% )试验号 阿魏酸 异阿魏酸 毛蕊花糖苷 盐酸小檗碱 丹皮酚 1 0.051 0.277 0.074 0.416 0.015 2 0.030 0.384 0.374 0.170 0.040 3 0.061 0.489 0.172 0.514 0.023 4 0.050 0.331 0.344 0.170 0.040 5 0.054 0.419 0.150 0.436 0.023 6 0.060 0.361 0.103 0.380 0.020 7 0.054 0.382 0.158 0.435 0.021 8 0.070 0.391 0.158 0.520 0.020 9 0.070 0.413 0.152 0.380 0.010 
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表 2 AHP法各指标的优先判断矩阵
指标 特征图谱
相似度出膏率 盐酸小檗碱 异阿魏酸 丹皮酚 毛蕊花糖苷 阿魏酸 特征图谱相似度 1 2 3 3 5 7 7 出膏率 1/2 1 2 3 3 3 2 盐酸小檗碱 1/3 1/2 1 2 3 7 5 异阿魏酸 1/3 1/3 1/2 1 2 3 2 丹皮酚 1/5 1/3 1/3 1/2 1 2 2 毛蕊花糖苷 1/7 1/3 1/7 1/3 1/2 1 1/3 阿魏酸 1/7 1/2 1/5 1/2 1/2 3 1
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表 3 提取工艺正交试验设计与综合评分结果
试验号 A B/min C 相似度 出膏率 盐酸小檗碱 异阿魏酸 丹皮酚 毛蕊花糖苷 阿魏酸 Y 1 8(1) 30(1) 1(1) 32.989 8.397 17.062 3.616 3.125 0.896 4.310 70.395 2 8(1) 60(2) 2(2) 31.537 15.226 6.980 5.013 8.549 4.498 2.530 74.334 3 8(1) 90(3) 3(3) 35.311 15.783 21.098 6.395 4.865 2.069 5.169 90.691 4 12(2) 30(1) 2(2) 30.122 17.990 6.980 4.320 8.549 4.145 4.217 76.323 5 12(2) 60(2) 3(3) 35.275 16.613 17.890 5.475 4.830 1.805 4.595 86.483 6 12(2) 90(3) 1(1) 33.932 12.707 15.603 4.717 4.274 1.240 5.060 77.534 7 15(3) 30(1) 3(3) 35.239 15.367 17.856 4.993 4.491 1.905 4.519 84.369 8 15(3) 60(2) 1(1) 34.077 10.765 21.352 5.104 4.274 1.906 5.904 83.383 9 15(3) 90(3) 2(2) 33.206 17.299 15.603 5.396 2.137 1.832 5.904 81.378 K1 235.419 231.087 231.311 K2 240.340 244.199 232.035 K3 249.129 249.603 261.542 R 13.710 18.516 30.231
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表 4 水提工艺方差分析结果
误差来源 偏差平方和 自由度 F值 显著性 A体积比 31.586 2 0.547 P＞0.05 B提取时间 66.648 2 1.153 P＞0.05 C提取次数 284.010 2 4.915 P＞0.05 注：F0.05(2，2)=19.00；F0.01(2，2)=99.00。
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