Advance in Research on Platycodonis Radix and Preliminary Analysis of Its Quality Marker Prediction
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摘要: 桔梗是桔梗科植物桔梗Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC的干燥根，主要含有皂苷、黄酮、多糖、甾醇和脂肪酸等化学成分，现代研究表明其具有祛痰止咳、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗肥胖、免疫调节等药理作用。从桔梗化学成分、药理作用、体内过程、毒性及溶血性和质量标准等5个方面进行了系统综述，并对其质量标志物进行了探讨，以期为桔梗的进一步研究与开发提供参考。Abstract: Platycodonis Radix is the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC, which mainly contains saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, sterols and fatty acids. Modern studies have shown that Platycodonis Radix has pharmacological effects such as expectant and cough relieving, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, anti-obesity and immunoregulation.In this paper, the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, in vivo process, toxicity, hemolysis and quality standard of Platycodonis Radix were systematically reviewed, and the quality markers of Platycodonis Radix were also discussed, in order to provide reference for further research and development of Platycodonis Radix. KEYWORDS: Platycodonis Radix; chemical composition; pharmacological activities; Q-marker
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Key words:
- Platycodonis Radix /
- chemical composition /
- pharmacological activities /
- Q-marker
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表 1 桔梗皂苷类化合物
No 化合物 分子式 类型 R1 R2 R3 R4 参考文献 1 Platycodigenin C30H48O7 A H H - - [3] 2 Platycodin A(2"-O-Acetyl platycodin D) C59H94O29 A Glc S8 - - [3] 3 Platycodin C(3"-O-Acetyl platycodin D) C59H94O29 A Glc S7 - - [3] 4 Platycodin D C57H92O28 A Glc S4 - - [4] 5 Platycodin D2 C63H102O33 A GEN S4 - - [5] 6 Platycodin D3 C63H102O33 A GEN S4 - - [4] 7 Platycodin J C57H90O29 A GlcA S4 - - [6] 8 Platycodin K C59H92O30 A GlcA S8 - - [6] 9 Platycodin L C59H92O30 A GlcA S7 - - [6] 10 2''-O-Acetyl platycodin D2 C65H104O34 A LAM S8 - - [7] 11 2''-O-Acetyl platycodin D3 C65H104O34 A GEN S8 - - [7] 12 3''-O-Acetyl platycodin D2 C65H104O34 A LAM S7 - - [8] 13 3''-O-Acetyl platycodin D3 C65H104O34 A GEN S7 - - [7] 14 Deapi-Platycodin D C52H84O24 A Glc S3 - - [4] 15 Deapi-Platycodin D2 C58H94O29 A LAM S3 - - [9] 16 Deapi-Platycodin D3 C58H94O29 A GEN S3 - - [4] 17 Deapi-3''-O-acetyl platycodin D C54H86O25 A Glc S5 - - [8] 18 Deapi-2''-O-acetyl platycodin D2 C60H96O30 A LAM S6 - - [7] 19 Platycoside A C58H94O29 A LAM S3 - - [10] 20 Platycoside B C54H86O25 A Glc S6 - - [10] 21 Platycoside C C54H86O25 A Glc S5 - - [10] 22 Platycoside E C69H112O38 A S1 S4 - - [11] 23 Platycoside F C47H76O20 A Glc S2 - - [12] 24 Platycoside G1(Deapi-platycoside E) C64H104O34 A S1 S3 - - [13] 25 Platycoside G2 C59H96O30 A GEN S2 - - [13] 26 Platycoside I C64H104O33 A S1 S3 - - [12] 27 Platycoside J C52H84O23 A Glc S3 - - [12] 28 Platycoside K C42H68O17 A LAM H - - [12] 29 Platycoside L C42H68O17 A GEN H - - [12] 30 Platycoside P C53H86O25 A LAM S2 - - [14] 31 β-Gentiotriosylplatycodigenin C48H78O22 A S1 Ara - - [7] 32 3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl platycodigenin C36H58O12 A Glc H - - [15] 33 3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl platycodigenin methyl ester C37H60O12 A Glc CH3 - - [16] 34 3-O-β-Gentiotriosyl platycodigenin methyl ester C43H70O17 A GEN CH3 - - [16] 35 3-O-β-Laminaribiosyl platycodigenin methyl ester C43H70O17 A LAM CH3 - - [16] 36 Platycoside D C69H112O37 B S1 S4 - - [11] 37 Platycoside G3(Polygalacin D3) C63H102O32 B GEN S4 - - [13] 38 Platycoside H C58H94O28 B GEN S3 - - [12] 39 Platycoside N C53H86O24 B GEN S2 - - [17] 40 Polygalacic acid C30H48O6 B H H - - [3] 41 Polygalacin D C57H92O27 B Glc S4 - - [4] 42 Polygalacin D2 C63H102O32 B LAM S4 - - [7] 43 2''-O-Acetyl-polygalacin D C59H94O28 B Glc S8 - - [4] 44 2''-O-Acetyl-polygalacin D2 C65H104O33 B LAM S8 - - [9] 45 3''-O-Acetyl-polygalacin D C59H94O28 B Glc S7 - - [4] 46 3''-O-Acetyl-polygalacin D2 C65H104O33 B LAM S7 - - [9] 47 3''-O-Acetyl-polygalacin D3 C65H104O34 B GEN S7 - - [8] 48 Deapi-polygalacin D2 C58H94O28 B LAM S3 - - [8] 49 Deapi-polygalacin D3 C58H94O28 B GEN S3 - - [7] 50 Deapi-2''-O-acetyl polygalacin D2 C60H95O30 B LAM S6 - - [8] 51 Deapi-2''-O-acetyl polygalacin D3 C60H95O30 B GEN S6 - - [8] 52 Dexyl-2''-O-acetyl-polygalacin D3 C55H87O25 B GEN S9 - - [8] 53 β-Gentiobiosyl-platycodigenin C42H68O16 B GEN Ara - - [7] 54 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl polygalacic acid C36H58O11 B Glc H - - [18] 55 3-O-β-D-Laminaribiosyl polygalacic acid C42H68O16 B LAM H - - [18] 56 Methyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl polygalacate C37H60O11 B Glc CH3 - - [16] 57 Methyl-3-O-β-laminaribiosyl polygalacate C43H70O16 B LAM CH3 - - [16] 58 Platycogenic acid A C30H46O8 C H H H H [3] 59 Platyconic acid A C57H90O29 C H Glc H S4 [5] 60 Platyconic acid B C59H92O30 C H Glc H S7 [6] 61 Platyconic acid C C52H82O25 C H Glc H S3 [6] 62 Platyconic acid D C54H84O26 C H Glc H S8 [6] 63 Platyconic acid E C58H92O30 C H GEN H S3 [6] 64 Platycoside O C53H84O25 C CH3 Glc H S3 [19] 65 Platyconic acid A methyl ester C58H92O29 C CH3 Glc H S4 [5] 66 Methyl Platyconate A C58H92O29 C CH3 Glc H S4 [20] 67 Methyl 2-O-methyl platyconate A C59H94O29 C CH3 Glc CH3 S4 [20] 68 Dimethyl 2-O-methyl-3-O-β-D- Glucopyranosyl platycogenate A C39H62O13 C CH3 Glc CH CH3 [16] 69 Dimethyl 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl Platycogenate A C38H60O13 C CH3 Glc H CH3 [16] 70 Platycoside Q C53H82O25 D GEN S2 - - [14] 71 Platycoside M-1 C36H54O12 D Glc H - - [21] 72 Platycoside M-2 C47H72O20 D Glc S2 - - [21] 73 Platycoside M-3 C52H80O24 D Glc S3 - - [21] 74 Platyconic acid A lactone C57H88O29 D Glc S4 - - [5] 75 Platyconic acid B lactone C63H98O34 D GEN S4 - - [9] 76 Deapi-platyconic acid A lactone C52H80O25 D Glc S3 - - [5] 77 Deapi-platyconic acid B lactone C58H90O30 D GEN S3 - - [9] 78 Platycogenic acid A lactone C30H44O8 D H H - - [5] 79 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl platycogenic acid A lactone methyl ester C37H56O12 D Glc CH3 - - [16] 80 Platycodonoids A C29H46O5 E H H - - [15] 81 Platycodonoids B C35H56O10 E Glc H - - [15] 82 16-Oxo-platycodin D C57H90O28 E Glc S4 - - [22] 83 Platycodsaponin A C42H68O16 F CH3 Glc Glc - [6] 84 Platycogenic acid B C30H46O8 F COOH H H - [3] 85 Platycogenic acid C C30H48O6 F CH3 H H - [3] 86 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2β, 12α, 16α, 23, 24-pentahydroxy-oleanane-28(13)-lactone C36H58O13 G CH2OH Glc - - [23] 87 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2β, 12α, 16α, 23α-tetrahydroxy-oleanane-28(13)-lactone C42H68O17 G CH3 LAM - - [23] 88 Platycodon A C42H68O16 H Glc - - - [24] 89 Platycodon B C41H66O15 H Xyl - - - [24] 注：S1=Glc6-Glc6-Glc; S2=Ara2-rha；S3=Ara2-rha4-xyl；S4=Ara2-rha4-xyl3-api；S5=Ara2-rha(3-OAc)4-xyl；S6=Ara2-rha(2-OAc)4-xyl；S7=Ara2-rha(3-OAc)4-xyl3-api；S8=Ara2-rha(2-OAc)4-xyl3-api；S9=Ara2-rha(2-OAc)；Glc=β-D-glucopyranosyl；Ara=α-L-arabinopyranosyl；Rha=α-L-rhamnopyranosyl；Xyl=β-D-xylopyranosyl；Api=β-D-apiofuranosyl；GlcA= D-glucuronic acid LAM(Laminaribiose)=Glc3-Glc；GEN(gentiobiose)=Glc6-Glc。 
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