Abstract: Since the mass application of modern human detection instruments， the appearance of biomarkers had a great impact on traditional syndrome differentiation system， effect evaluation， treatment requests， resulting in cognitive confusion， treatment dilemma， controversial effects， and the lack of theories. Based on this， the paper proposed that the key approach of solving the above problems lies in the studies of systematic and normative syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)， disclosing the pathogenesis and etiology on biomarkers， which can bring evidences for syndrome differentiation and therapeutic targets， and then provide guidance for TCM clinical prescription and effect evaluation in order to integrate modern biomarkers into TCM syndrome differentiation system. These studies have crucial significance in enriching clinical data， expanding syndrome differentiation scope， strengthening disease prevention， apprehending the disease accurately， deepening the understanding of pathogenesis， assisting TCM diagnosis， manifesting TCM advantages， and promoting academic development.