Discussion of Key Problems in the Clinical Use and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pulvis in Oral Mucosal Areas
-
摘要: 中药散剂使用历史悠久, 以其剂型特色、制法简单、疗效确切成为中药的代表性剂型之一。中药外用散剂在口腔黏膜部位的临床应用历来较为广泛。由于剂型的特殊, 临床用量长期以来没有明确的共识, 而外用散剂处方中多含矿物类生药, 因此会带来一定的安全性隐患; 随着制剂工艺的不断发展更新, 一些新的粉碎工艺也不断应用于散剂制剂工艺中, 但同时带来的相关问题也值得讨论。对上述中药外用散剂的剂量、安全性、工艺合理性等方面的关键问题进行梳理和探讨, 为其规范临床应用、确保用药安全、进一步新药开发等提供启发。Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine pulvis has a long history of application and has become one of the representative dosage forms of Chinese medicine with its distinctive dosage form, simple preparation and precise efficacy.Topical Chinese medicine bulking agents have been more widely used in the clinical application of oral mucosal areas.Due to the special dosage form, there is no clear consensus on the clinical dosage for a long time, and the prescription of topical dispersant mostly contains mineral raw drugs, so it will bring certain safety risks; with the continuous development and update of preparation process, some new crushing processes have been applied to the preparation process of dispersant, but at the same time, the related problems brought about are also worth discussing.This paper sorts out and discusses the key problems of dosage, safety and process rationality of the above-mentioned topical Chinese medicine dispensers to provide inspiration for their standardized clinical application, ensure medication safety and further new drug development.
-
Key words:
- traditional Chinese medicine pulvis /
- oral mucosal /
- dosage /
- security /
- ultra-micro pulverization /
- processing
-
表 1 文献报道的中药外用散剂以及说明书上用法用量
Table 1. Traditional Chinese medicine pulvis for oral mucosal areas use reported in the literature and its clinical dosage as well as usage in the instructions
药品名称 使用对象 文献报道用法用量 说明书用法用量 参考文献 锡类散 人 吹少许敷于患处[12]采用无菌棉签蘸取锡类散少许外敷于溃疡处, 3次/d[13]用少许均匀地吹敷患处[14] 每用少许, 吹敷患处, 每日1~2次 [12-14] 黄氏生肌散 大鼠 取制剂2 mg喷洒于大鼠颊部溃疡[15] / [15] 冰硼散 人 应用冰硼散浸泡医用纱布, 将其敷于患者的溃疡表面[16]按照4∶3比例取1 g蒙脱石散, 0.6 g冰硼散充分混合, 以无菌棉签蘸取适量混合药物, 均匀涂抹于溃疡处皮肤表面[17] 吹敷患处, 每次少量, 一日数次 [16-17] 桂林西瓜霜 人/大鼠 给予0.2 g·kg-1桂林西瓜霜, 直接取药粉(约1/4剂量)涂于大鼠口腔溃疡创面上[18]取适量甲硝唑片粉末和西瓜霜喷剂混合, 调成糊状, 然后将混合药物涂抹在患者口腔溃疡的创面上[19] 外用, 喷、吹或敷于患处, 一次适量, 一日数次; 重症者兼服, 一次1~2 g, 一日3次 [18-19] 碧雪散 人 取少许药粉(约0.3 g), 外敷于溃疡处, 每日3次[20] / [20] 口腔溃疡散 大鼠 利用消毒棉签涂抹1 mL的口腔溃疡散混悬液(6%), 每日1次[21] 用消毒棉球蘸药擦患处, 一日2~3次 [21] 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 口腔溃疡数目与溃疡面积数据统计(x±s)
Table 2. Statistic summary about numbers and area of human oral ulcer(x±s)
年龄 溃疡个数 溃疡面积/mm2 参考文献 30.82±5.36 / 2.04±0.28 [23] 41.40±2.92 / 6.30±1.89 [24] 28.79±3.55 / 6.19±1.25 [25] 43.93±9.92 1.90±0.56 1.80±0.46 [26] 38.26±6.26 / 9.47±2.54 [27] 38.42±5.45 / 3.34±0.83 [28] 27.05±3.44 / 4.98±1.25 [29] 34.9±6.9 / 15.64±3.52 [30] 45.89±3.25 11.26±1.45 3.68±0.95 [31] 39.11±10.25 2.29±1.24 2.06±0.81 [32] 47.96±12.04 2.21±0.71 2.01±0.34 [33] 18~65 2.22±0.77 26.17±10.21 [34] 55.3±3.6 / 8.4±1.6 [35] 38.4±5.3 / 2.90±1.21 [36]
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] MORTAZAVI H, SAFI Y, BAHARVAND M, et al. Diagnostic features of common oral ulcerative lesions: An updated decision tree[J]. Int J Dent, 2016, 2016: 7278925. [2] 孙永康. 口腔黏膜溃疡的中医外治研究进展[J]. 中医外治杂志, 2021, 30(3): 88-89. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-978X.2021.03.041SUN YK. Research progress of external treatment of oral ulcer with traditional Chinese medicine[J]. J Extern Ther Tradit Chin Med, 2021, 30(3): 88-89. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-978X.2021.03.041 [3] 刘艳秋. 口炎散治疗口腔黏膜溃疡的临床观察[J]. 中国医药导报, 2009, 6(1): 163-164. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7210.2009.01.106LIU YQ. Clinical observation of kouyan powder in treating oral mucosal ulcer[J]. Chin Med Herald, 2009, 6(1): 163-164. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7210.2009.01.106 [4] SCHEMEL-SUÁREZ M, LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ J, CHIMENOS-KüSTNER E. Oral ulcers: Differential diagnosis and treatment[J]. Med Clin Engl Ed, 2015, 145(11): 499-503. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2387020616300377 [5] CHEN P, YAO H, SU W, et al. Pharmacodynamic and metabolomics studies on the effect of kouyanqing granule in the treatment of phenol-induced oral ulcer worsened by sleep deprivation[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11: 824. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00824 [6] ZHANG JF, FENG JF, LIU YX. Preventive effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine mouthwash in chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis[J]. Medicine, 2020, 99(49): e23387. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023387 [7] 沈洪, 朱磊, 谷静. 口腔溃疡的中医辨治[J]. 南京中医药大学学报, 2015, 31(3): 218-219, 230. doi: 10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2015.0218SHEN H, ZHU L, GU J. Syndrome differentiation of dental ulcer[J]. J Nanjing Univ Tradit Chin Med, 2015, 31(3): 218-219, 230. doi: 10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2015.0218 [8] LIU XS, GUAN XB, CHEN RY, et al. Repurposing of Yunnan Baiyao as an alternative therapy for minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012, 2012: 284620. [9] 胡小苏, 赵立杰, 冯怡, 等. 中药散剂的历史沿革与发展趋势[J]. 世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 2018, 20(4): 496-500. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJKX201804006.htmHU XS, ZHAO LJ, FENG Y, et al. The history and development trend of traditional Chinese medicine powder[J]. Mod Tradit Chin Med Mater Med World Sci Technol, 2018, 20(4): 496-500. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJKX201804006.htm [10] 杨平, 阳长明, 林丹, 等. 关于《中国药典》2015年版中成药剂量的分析和思考[J]. 中草药, 2019, 50(16): 3741-3746. doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2019.16.001YANG P, YANG CM, LIN D, et al. Analysis and thinking on dosage of Chinese patent medicines in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 2019, 50(16): 3741-3746. doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2019.16.001 [11] 刘起华, 孙玉雯, 刘凤麟, 等. 浅析《太平惠民和剂局方》中"散"的运用[J]. 辽宁中医杂志, 2015, 42(2): 369-371, 445. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LNZY201502061.htmLIU QH, SUN YW, LIU FL, et al. Analysis on the application of "San" in Taiping Huimin heji jufang[J]. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med, 2015, 42(2): 369-371, 445. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LNZY201502061.htm [12] 刘霞. 中药联合锡类散治疗复发性口腔溃疡疗效观察[J]. 全科口腔医学电子杂志, 2019, 6(35): 7-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QKKQ201935004.htmLIU X. Clinical Analysis of Xilei San with Chinese medical treatment on recurrent oral ulcer[J]. Electron J Gen Stomatol, 2019, 6(35): 7-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QKKQ201935004.htm [13] 马鹏涛. 维生素E联合锡类散对儿童口腔溃疡的疗效及对炎症因子、免疫水平的影响[J]. 湖北科技学院学报(医学版), 2019, 33(2): 126-128. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNYB201902011.htmMA PT. Effect of vitamin E combined with tin-like powder on oral ulcer in children and its effect on inflammatory factors and immune level[J]. J Hubei Univ Sci Technol Med Sci, 2019, 33(2): 126-128. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNYB201902011.htm [14] 张勤, 郭怡然. 思密达甘油联合锡类散治疗小儿口腔溃疡的疗效观察[J]. 新疆中医药, 2013, 31(5): 17-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJZY201305008.htmZHANG Q, GUO YR. Observation on the curative effect of Smecta glycerin combined with Xilei Powder on children's oral ulcer[J]. Xinjiang J Tradit Chin Med, 2013, 31(5): 17-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJZY201305008.htm [15] 刘赟, 任思秀, 季红健, 等. 黄氏生肌散治疗大鼠口腔溃疡的实验研究[J]. 中国中西医结合耳鼻咽喉科杂志, 2019, 27(2): 84-85, 92. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XYJH201902002.htmLIU (B/Y), REN SX, JI HJ, et al. Experimental study of huangshengji powder in treating oral ulcer in rats[J]. Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Integr Med, 2019, 27(2): 84-85, 92. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XYJH201902002.htm [16] 李淑娟. 冰硼散+思密达治疗复发性口腔溃疡的近期疗效及复发率分析[J]. 科技风, 2021(23): 125-127. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJFT202123056.htmLI SJ. Short-term efficacy and recurrence rate of Bingsan+Smecta in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcer[J]. Technol Wind, 2021(23): 125-127. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJFT202123056.htm [17] 王丽芳. 冰硼散联合思密达治疗复发性口腔溃疡近期疗效观察[J]. 世界最新医学信息文摘, 2019, 19(16): 189-190. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WMIA201916112.htmWANG LF. Short-term therapeutic effect of Bingsan combined with Smecta on recurrent oral ulcer[J]. World Latest Med Inf, 2019, 19(16): 189-190. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WMIA201916112.htm [18] 郑蕾, 李国芳, 杨盼盼, 等. 益气养阴生肌方对大鼠口腔溃疡创面愈合的作用及PTEN/AKT/GSK3β通路的机制研究[J]. 中药药理与临床, 2021, 37(3): 157-162. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYYL202103030.htmZHENG L, LI GF, YANG PP, et al. Effect of Yiqi yangyinshengji prescription on the healing of oral ulcer in rats and its mechanism in PTEN/AKT/GSK3β pathway[J]. Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med, 2021, 37(3): 157-162. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYYL202103030.htm [19] 李晓云. 西瓜霜喷剂联合甲硝唑对老年复发性口腔溃疡的疗效及复发率的影响[J]. 医学理论与实践, 2020, 33(7): 1130-1131. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXLL202007052.htmLI XY. Effect of watermelon frost spray combined with metronidazole on the curative effect and recurrence rate of senile recurrent oral ulcer[J]. J Med Theory Pract, 2020, 33(7): 1130-1131. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXLL202007052.htm [20] 谢峰. 顾氏碧雪散外敷治疗复发性口腔溃疡58例[A]//中华中医药学会、中华中医药学会民间传统诊疗技术与验方整理分会. 中华中医药学会第七次民间医药学术交流会暨安徽省民间医药专业委员会成立大会论文汇编[C]. 中华中医药学会、中华中医药学会民间传统诊疗技术与验方整理分会: 中华中医药学会, 2014: 2. [21] 欧江勇, 郑丽明, 王栋. 马齿苋提取物治疗大鼠口腔溃疡的疗效及其对细胞免疫、炎性因子的影响[J]. 蚌埠医学院学报, 2019, 44(7): 855-858. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BANG201907006.htmOU JY, ZHENG LM, WANG D. Efficacy of purslane extract in the treatment of oral ulcer, and its effects on cellular immunity and inflammatory factors in rats[J]. J Bengbu Med Coll, 2019, 44(7): 855-858. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BANG201907006.htm [22] Chinese Society of Information of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medicine Branch; . 中药散剂临床外用技术规范(草案)[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2019, 36(24): 3104-3107. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYD201924023.htmCHINESE SOCIETY OF INFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE EXTERNAL MEDICINE BRANCH. Technical specification for clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine powder(draft)[J]. Chin J Mod Appl Pharm, 2019, 36(24): 3104-3107. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYD201924023.htm [23] 沈丽丽, 王珏, 梅予锋. 栀子金花丸联合西地碘含片治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床研究[J]. 中国医院用药评价与分析, 2021, 21(5): 522-525. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYPF202105003.htmSHEN LL, WANG J, MEI YF. Clinical study of Zhizi Jinhua pills combined with cydiodine buccal tablets in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers[J]. Eval Anal Drug Use Hosp China, 2021, 21(5): 522-525. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYPF202105003.htm [24] 吴小凯. 知柏地黄丸治疗复发性口腔溃疡的效果分析[J]. 中国城乡企业卫生, 2021, 36(2): 165-167. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCXW202102067.htmWU XK. Effect analysis of Zhibai Dihuang Pill on recurrent oral ulcer[J]. Chin J Urban Rural Enterp Hyg, 2021, 36(2): 165-167. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCXW202102067.htm [25] 张弘, 段志斌. 知柏地黄丸联合复方丹参片治疗复发性口腔溃疡患者疗效及对血液流变学的影响[J]. 血栓与止血学, 2021, 27(5): 757-759. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XSZX202105014.htmZHANG H, DUAN ZB. Effect of Zhibai Dihuang pill combined with compound Danshen Tablet in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcer and its influence on hemorheology[J]. Chin J Thromb Hemostasis, 2021, 27(5): 757-759. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XSZX202105014.htm [26] 庞功采, 孙毓晗, 米光熙, 等. 升阳散火汤对心脾积热型复发性口腔溃疡的影响及疗效[J]. 中国现代医生, 2021, 59(2): 124-128. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDYS202102047.htmPANG GC, SUN YH, MI GX, et al. The influence and curative effect of Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction on recurrent oral ulcer with heat of heart and spleen[J]. China Mod Dr, 2021, 59(2): 124-128. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDYS202102047.htm [27] 张金龙. 复发性口腔溃疡患者采用复方青黛贴片治疗对溃疡状况及T细胞亚群水平的干预效果[J]. 中国实用医药, 2021, 16(14): 134-136. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSSA202114051.htmZHANG JL. Intervention effect of compound indigo naturalis patch on ulcer status and T cell subsets in patients with recurrent oral ulcer[J]. China Pract Med, 2021, 16(14): 134-136. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSSA202114051.htm [28] 张宁宁. 自拟滋阴降火中药组方治疗复发性口腔溃疡效果及安全性分析[J]. 中国民康医学, 2020, 32(11): 91-93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZMYX202011038.htmZHANG NN. Efficacy and safety analysis of self-made traditional Chinese medicine prescription for nourishing Yin and lowering fire in treating recurrent oral ulcer[J]. Med J Chin People's Health, 2020, 32(11): 91-93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZMYX202011038.htm [29] 付丰渝. 益口含漱液联合蒙脱石散对复发性口腔溃疡面积及VAS评分的影响[J]. 深圳中西医结合杂志, 2020, 30(16): 185-186. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZZX202016093.htmFU FY. Effect of Yikouhanshu liquid combined with montmorillonite powder on recurrent oral ulcer area and VAS score[J]. Shenzhen J Integr Tradit Chin West Med, 2020, 30(16): 185-186. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZZX202016093.htm [30] 陈雁南, 段优. 加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床效果[J]. 世界中医药, 2020, 15(21): 3308-3312. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJZA202021021.htmCHEN YN, DUAN Y. Clinical efficacy of modified Gancao Ganjiang Decoction combined with vitamin B12 on recurrent oral ulcer[J]. World Chin Med, 2020, 15(21): 3308-3312. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJZA202021021.htm [31] 游坤. 滋阴清热汤治疗阴虚火旺型复发性口腔溃疡的疗效探究[J]. 实用中西医结合临床, 2019, 19(9): 56-57. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZXL201909026.htmYOU K. Effect of Qingre Decoction on recurrent oral ulcer due to Yin deficiency and fire abundance[J]. Pract Clin J Integr Tradit Chin West Med, 2019, 19(9): 56-57. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZXL201909026.htm [32] 王忠武, 谢婧, 缪旺冬, 等. 清热化湿养阴生肌法治疗复发性口腔溃疡的疗效观察[J]. 广州中医药大学学报, 2019, 36(5): 640-644. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-REST201905009.htmWANG ZW, XIE J, MIAO WD, et al. Clinical observation on recurrent oral ulcer treated with therapy of clearing heat and removing dampness, nourishing Yin and promoting granulation[J]. J Guangzhou Univ Tradit Chin Med, 2019, 36(5): 640-644. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-REST201905009.htm [33] 张素芳, 张小松. 康复新液联合雷尼替丁对复发性口腔溃疡患者疼痛程度改善及溃疡愈合时间的影响[J]. 药品评价, 2019, 16(9): 51-54. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YPPJ201909015.htmZHANG SF, ZHANG XS. Effect of kangfuxin liquid combined with ranitidine on pain degree improvement and ulcer healing time in patients with recurrent oral ulcer[J]. Drug Eval, 2019, 16(9): 51-54. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YPPJ201909015.htm [34] 孟鹏飞, 吴涛, 马秀霞, 等. 甘草泻心汤治疗艾滋病复发性口腔溃疡脾胃湿热证[J]. 中医学报, 2019, 34(10): 2203-2205. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNZK201910036.htmMENG PF, WU T, MA XX, et al. Gancao Xiexin Decoction in treatment of recurrent oral ulcer with spleen and stomach dampness-heat syndrome of AIDS patients[J]. Acta Chin Med, 2019, 34(10): 2203-2205. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNZK201910036.htm [35] 孙畋, 刘可期, 林麟. 自拟养胃清营汤治疗胃肠肿瘤化疗性口腔溃疡的临床疗效[J]. 临床合理用药杂志, 2018, 11(33): 91-92. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-PLHY201833046.htmSUN T, LIU KQ, LIN L. Clinical effect of self-designed Yangwei Qingying Decoction in treating stomach ulcer caused by chemotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors[J]. Chin J Clin Ration Drug Use, 2018, 11(33): 91-92. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-PLHY201833046.htm [36] 郑学彬, 龙淑会, 李富杰, 等. 自拟清热消疡经验方辨治脾胃湿热证复发性口腔溃疡62例[J]. 环球中医药, 2018, 11(9): 1443-1446. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HQZY201809034.htmZHENG XB, LONG SH, LI FJ, et al. 62 cases of recurrent oral ulcer of spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome treated by self-made Qingre Xiaoyang experience prescription[J]. Glob Tradit Chin Med, 2018, 11(9): 1443-1446. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HQZY201809034.htm [37] 王晓蔷, 刘利民, 刘春雨. 中药口腔溃疡粘附散的研制及临床疗效[J]. 中医药信息, 2004, 21(3): 47. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYXN200403031.htmWANG XQ, LIU LM, LIU CY. Preparation and clinical efficacy of oral ulcer adhesive powder[J]. Inf Tradit Chin Med, 2004, 21(3): 47. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYXN200403031.htm [38] 翟伟宇, 刘吉成, 程国平, 张玲. 口腔粘附散的研制[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 1997, 17(8): 368-369. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYZ708.019.htmZHAI WY, LIU JC, CHENG GP, et al. Preparation of oral adhesive powder[J]. Chin J Hosp Pharm, 1997, 17(8): 368-369. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYZ708.019.htm [39] 彭成, 肖小河, 李梢, 等. 中药"毒与效"整合分析的研究进展和前沿分析[J]. 中国科学基金, 2017, 31(2): 176-183. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZKJJ201702020.htmPENG C, XIAO XH, LI S, et al. Research progress and frontier of integrated analysis of "toxicity" and "effect" of Traditional Chinese Medicine[J]. Bull Natl Nat Sci Found China, 2017, 31(2): 176-183. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZKJJ201702020.htm [40] 王治国, 程军. 口腔溃疡局部用药应注意的问题[J]. 人民军医, 2017, 60(12): 1227-1228, 1232. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RMJZ201712023.htmWANG ZG, CHENG J. Problems needing attention in local medication of oral ulcer[J]. People's Mil Surg, 2017, 60(12): 1227-1228, 1232. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RMJZ201712023.htm [41] 刘莉, 戴黎光, 刘志勇, 等. 某中药散剂的急性和亚急性毒理学实验研究[C]//中国实验动物学会第七届学术年会论文集. 桂林, 2006: 336. [42] 潘定举. 《本草纲目》中口腔黏膜局部用药初探[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2018, 33(3): 1114-1116. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYY201803084.htmPAN DJ. Discussion on the regularity of local medication in oral mucosa of Bencao Gangmu[J]. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm, 2018, 33(3): 1114-1116. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYY201803084.htm [43] 周昕睿, 王旗, 杨晓达. 朱砂的药理及毒理机制研究进展[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2009, 34(22): 2843-2847. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY200922003.htmZHOU XR, WANG Q, YANG XD. Progresses on mechanisms of pharmacological and toxicological effects of cinnabar[J]. China J Chin Mater Med, 2009, 34(22): 2843-2847. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY200922003.htm [44] 黄海, 高鑫, 周颖, 等. 朱砂与万氏牛黄清心丸致大鼠亚急性肝毒性的比较研究[J]. 中草药, 2017, 48(9): 1825-1828. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYO201709019.htmHUANG H, GAO X, ZHOU Y, et al. Comparative study of subacute liver toxicity in rats induced by cinnabar and Wanshi Niuhuang Qingxin Pills[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 2017, 48(9): 1825-1828. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYO201709019.htm [45] WEI L, XUE R, ZHANG PP, et al. (1)H NMR-based metabolomics and neurotoxicity study of Cerebrum and cerebellum in rats treated with cinnabar, a traditional Chinese medicine[J]. OMICS, 2015, 19(8): 490-498. [46] WANG Y, WANG DP, WU J, et al. Cinnabar-induced subchronic renal injury is associated with increased apoptosis in rats[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 278931. [47] 苏琼华, 李国峰, 袁琳, 等. 中国药典中含有毒性成分朱砂、雄黄的中药使用安全性探讨[J]. 河南教育学院学报(自然科学版), 2014, 23(4): 59-63. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLKB201404015.htmSU QH, LI GF, YUAN L, et al. Discussion on safety of traditional Chinese medicine containing toxic ingredients of cinnabar and realgar in Chinese pharmacopoeia[J]. J Henan Inst Educ Nat Sci Ed, 2014, 23(4): 59-63. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLKB201404015.htm [48] 徐文峰, 金鹏飞, 徐硕, 等. 矿物中药雄黄毒性的研究进展[J]. 中南药学, 2019, 17(6): 899-903. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNYX201906022.htmXU WF, JIN PF, XU S, et al. Research progress in toxicity of traditional Chinese mineral medicine realgar[J]. Central South Pharm, 2019, 17(6): 899-903. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNYX201906022.htm [49] 郭强, 李振国. 仿生提取-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱技术测定冰硼散及朱砂药材中可溶性汞的含量[J]. 中国药事, 2020, 34(6): 650-657. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYS202006006.htmGUO Q, LI ZG. Determination of soluble mercury in ice boron powder and cinnabar by bionic extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J]. Chin Pharm Aff, 2020, 34(6): 650-657. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYS202006006.htm [50] 曹帅, 夏晶, 李丽敏, 等. 朱砂炮制前后X射线衍射分析研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2016, 27(5): 1110-1112. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZGY201605033.htmCAO S, XIA J, LI LM, et al. Comparative study on crude and processed product of cinnabar by X-ray diffraction[J]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res, 2016, 27(5): 1110-1112. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZGY201605033.htm [51] 郭婧潭, 张颖花, 霍韬光, 等. 水飞法炮制对朱砂中可溶性硫和汞的影响[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2015, 33(5): 1113-1115. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYHS201505034.htmGUO JT, ZHANG YH, HUO TG, et al. The impact of water processing on the content of soluble sulphur and mercury in cinnabar[J]. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med, 2015, 33(5): 1113-1115. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYHS201505034.htm [52] 朱新科, 张启明, 程美丽. 朱砂的毒性及炮制研究进展[J]. 中国药业, 2005, 14(6): 94-95. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYGZ200506079.htmZHU XK, ZHANG QM, CHENG ML. Research progress on toxicity and processing of cinnabar[J]. China Pharm, 2005, 14(6): 94-95. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYGZ200506079.htm [53] 张娟, 刘启德, 汤毅珊. 雄黄中砷的毒副作用研究进展[J]. 中国药房, 2007, 18(15): 1178-1179. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYA200715031.htmZHANG J, LIU QD, TANG YS. Research progress on toxic and side effects of arsenic in realgar[J]. China Pharm, 2007, 18(15): 1178-1179. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYA200715031.htm [54] 李超英, 魏秀德, 王凯, 等. 雄黄水飞炮制工艺及其机制研究[J]. 中国药房, 2008, 19(27): 2151-2153. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYA200827033.htmLI CY, WEI XD, WANG K, et al. Mechanism of water grind processing of realgar[J]. China Pharm, 2008, 19(27): 2151-2153. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYA200827033.htm [55] 刘嵘, 濮德敏. 雄黄的研究进展[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2007, 18(4): 982-984. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZGY200704133.htmLIU R, PU DM. Research progress of realgar[J]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res, 2007, 18(4): 982-984. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZGY200704133.htm [56] 霍韬光, 郭婧潭, 张颖花, 等. 水飞法炮制对雄黄中可溶性硫和砷含量的影响[J]. 辽宁中医杂志, 2016, 43(2): 360-361. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LNZY201602054.htmHUO TG, GUO JT, ZHANG YH, et al. Effect of water processing on soluble sulfide and arsenic in realgar[J]. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med, 2016, 43(2): 360-361. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LNZY201602054.htm [57] 丁元刚, 马红梅, 张伯礼. 樟脑药理毒理研究回顾及安全性研究展望[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2012, 9(1): 38-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YWJJ201201013.htmDING YG, MA HM, ZHANG BL. Research on pharmacology, toxicology and safety of camphor: Review and prospect[J]. Chin J Pharmacovigil, 2012, 9(1): 38-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YWJJ201201013.htm [58] 江光池, 冯旭军, 黄岚, 等. 龙脑和异龙脑对小鼠和家兔的药理作用[J]. 华西药学杂志, 1989, 4(1): 23-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYO198901006.htmJIANG GC, FENG XJ, HUANG L, et al. Pharmacological effects of borneol and isoborneol in mice and rabbits[J]. West China J Pharm Sci, 1989, 4(1): 23-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYO198901006.htm [59] 路艳丽, 耿兴超, 汪巨峰, 等. 冰片的安全性评价研究现状[J]. 中国新药杂志, 2016, 25(6): 645-649, 658. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZXYZ201606008.htmLU YL, GENG XC, WANG JF, et al. Current status of preclinical safety evaluation of borneol[J]. Chin J New Drugs, 2016, 25(6): 645-649, 658. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZXYZ201606008.htm [60] 李伟荣, 刘睿, 黄天来, 等. 天然冰片小鼠急性毒性的时间毒理学研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2011, 22(8): 1805-1806. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZGY201108002.htmLI WR, LIU R, HUANG TL, et al. Chronotoxicology study of acute toxicity on natural borneol in mice[J]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res, 2011, 22(8): 1805-1806. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZGY201108002.htm [61] 陈贞微. 思密达和康复新液治疗儿童口腔炎及口腔溃疡的临床疗效分析[J]. 海峡药学, 2013, 25(1): 92-93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HAIX201301042.htmCHEN ZW. Clinical efficacy of Smecta and Kangfuxin Liquid in the treatment of stomatitis and oral ulcer in children[J]. Strait Pharm J, 2013, 25(1): 92-93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HAIX201301042.htm [62] 罗铁柱, 李强. 冰硼散联合思密达治疗复发性口腔溃疡近期疗效观察[J]. 光明中医, 2016, 31(4): 556-557. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GMZY201604054.htmLUO TZ, LI Q. Observation on the short-term effect of bingpeng powder combined with smecta in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcer[J]. Guangming J Chin Med, 2016, 31(4): 556-557. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GMZY201604054.htm [63] 宁英杰. 联合用药治疗复发性口腔溃疡49例[J]. 中国医药指南, 2014, 12(36): 62-63. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXK201436042.htmNING YJ. Treatment of 49 cases of recurrent oral ulcer with combined drugs[J]. Guide China Med, 2014, 12(36): 62-63. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXK201436042.htm [64] 谢峰, 顾桂明, 沈丽. 顾氏喉科改良版碧雪散治疗复发性口腔溃疡50例[C]//中华中医药学会耳鼻喉科分会第二十五次学术年会暨世界中联耳鼻喉口腔科专业委员会第十一次学术年会论文集. 济南, 2019: 491-494. [65] 闫冬梅, 贾琴, 刘静, 等. 地喹氯铵喷雾剂联合溃疡散治疗小儿阿弗他溃疡疗效观察[J]. 人民军医, 2012, 55(10): 991-992. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RMJZ201210054.htmYAN DM, JIA Q, LIU J, et al. Observation on therapeutic effect of dequaline spray combined with ulcer powder on children's aphthous ulcer[J]. People's Mil Surg, 2012, 55(10): 991-992. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RMJZ201210054.htm [66] 游湖平. 锡类缓释贴膜与锡类散剂治疗复发性口腔溃疡效果比较[J]. 中国乡村医药, 2015, 22(2): 45-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XCYY201502030.htmYOU HP. Comparison of effects of tin-like sustained-release film and tin-like powder on recurrent oral ulcer[J]. Chin J Rural Med Pharm, 2015, 22(2): 45-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XCYY201502030.htm [67] 林世塔, 彭洒, 胡菌, 等. 自配口腔溃疡散治疗口腔溃疡的效果分析[J]. 中国继续医学教育, 2020, 12(12): 148-151. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXUY202012062.htmLIN ST, PENG S, HU J, et al. Analysis of the effect of self-made mouth and light ulcer in treating oral ulcer[J]. China Continuing Med Educ, 2020, 12(12): 148-151. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXUY202012062.htm [68] 李艺博, 李娟, 刘碧原, 等. 中药超微粉碎技术应用概况[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2020, 35(9): 4568-4570. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYY202009081.htmLI YB, LI J, LIU BY, et al. Application overview on traditional Chinese medicine with ultra-fine powder[J]. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm, 2020, 35(9): 4568-4570. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYY202009081.htm [69] 张晶蓉, 王莘, 林英, 等. 超微粉碎技术用于脾胃宝外敷散制备工艺的优化研究[J]. 天津药学, 2014, 26(2): 36-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJYA201402015.htmZHANG JR, WANG (S/X), LIN Y, et al. Study on the optimization of preparation technology of piweibao waifu powder by ultramicro-pulverization[J]. Tianjin Pharm, 2014, 26(2): 36-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJYA201402015.htm [70] 莫韦皓, 王宇红, 邓东方, 等. 微粉化对马钱子小鼠急性毒性的影响[J]. 湖南中医药大学学报, 2012, 32(9): 12-14, 43. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNZX201209004.htmMO WH, WANG YH, DENG DF, et al. Effects of micronization on the acute toxicity of semen strychni in mice[J]. J Tradit Chin Med Univ Hunan, 2012, 32(9): 12-14, 43. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNZX201209004.htm [71] 夏宁, 孙莉, 范久波, 等. 中药超微粉应用中面临的问题及对策[J]. 检验医学与临床, 2014, 11(23): 3359-3360, 3363. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JYYL201423059.htmXIA N, SUN L, FAN JB, et al. Problems and countermeasures in the application of ultrafine powder of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Lab Med Clin, 2014, 11(23): 3359-3360, 3363. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JYYL201423059.htm [72] 张巍云, 梁鹦. 中药散剂的卫生质量控制[J]. 中成药, 2004, 26(9): i022-i023. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYA200409043.htmZHANG WY, LIANG Y. Hygienic quality control of traditional Chinese medicine powder[J]. Chin Tradit Pat Med, 2004, 26(9): i022-i023. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYA200409043.htm [73] 周萃, 邬科, 葛颖华, 等. 医疗机构中药散剂生产工艺管理对制剂微生物控制的价值探讨[J]. 中医药管理杂志, 2019, 27(3): 106-108. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYYG201903059.htmZHOU C, WU K, GE YH, et al. Discussion on the value of production process management of traditional Chinese medicine powder in medical institutions for microbial control of preparations[J]. J Tradit Chin Med Manag, 2019, 27(3): 106-108. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYYG201903059.htm [74] 程康明. 喉科吹药的配制原则和应用[C]//中华中医药学会耳鼻咽喉科分会第十二次学术研讨会暨嗓音言语听力医学专题学术研讨会论文集. 九江, 2005: 245-248. [75] 晏英. 咽喉吹药源流研究[D]. 南京: 南京中医药大学, 2012.YAN Y. Research on headstreams of laryngology blow medicine[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 2012. [76] 邹节明, 王力生, 王睿陟, 等. 微波法炮制硼砂的研究[J]. 中成药, 2006, 28(1): 48-51. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYA200601019.htmZOU JM, WANG LS, WANG RZ, et al. Microwave processing of borax[J]. Chin Tradit Pat Med, 2006, 28(1): 48-51. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYA200601019.htm [77] 钟萌. 雄黄炮制降毒方法的研究进展[J]. 中国药房, 2007, 18(33): 2633-2635. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYA200733035.htmZHONG M. Research progress on processing methods of realgar to reduce toxicity[J]. China Pharm, 2007, 18(33): 2633-2635. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYA200733035.htm [78] 陈文革, 罗启文, 任慧. 粉体混合均匀性定量评估模型的建立与研究[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2008, 14(3): 15-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FTJS200803007.htmCHEN WG, LUO QW, REN H. Quantitative evaluate model for uniformity of powder mixing[J]. China Powder Sci Technol, 2008, 14(3): 15-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FTJS200803007.htm [79] 王瀛峰, 张继全, 赵春草, 等. 中药贵重药材的等量递增混合法实践[C]//第十二届全国青年药学工作者最新科研成果交流会论文集. 南京, 2014: 394-399. [80] 富志军, 周东新, 钟鸣. 复方中药口腔粘膜粘附缓释膜的研究[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 2001, 32(5): 350-353. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYD200105010.htmFU ZJ, ZHOU DX, ZHONG M. Study on oral mucoadhesive sustained-release films of compound Chinese medicine[J]. J China Pharm Univ, 2001, 32(5): 350-353. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYD200105010.htm [81] 田景振, 王静, 张华, 等. 冰硼贴片及其制备工艺的研究[J]. 山东中医学院学报, 1995, 19(2): 76-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SDYX502.001.htmTIAN JZ, WANG J, ZHANG H, et al. Study on boron patch and its preparation technology[J]. J Shandong Univ Tradit Chin Med, 1995, 19(2): 76-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SDYX502.001.htm [82] 李婧琳, 王媚, 史亚军, 等. 超微粉碎技术在中药制剂中的应用分析[J]. 现代中医药, 2018, 38(5): 121-123, 130. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDZY201805041.htmLI JL, WANG M, SHI YJ, et al. Application analysis of superfine grinding technology in traditional Chinese medicine preparation[J]. Mod Tradit Chin Med, 2018, 38(5): 121-123, 130. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDZY201805041.htm [83] 邹俊波, 封亮, 张小飞, 等. 粒子设计技术在中药粉体领域的实践应用研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2021, 46(23): 6011-6019. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY202123001.htmZOU JB, FENG L, ZHANG XF, et al. Application of particle design technology in field of traditional Chinese medicine powder[J]. China J Chin Mater Med, 2021, 46(23): 6011-6019. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY202123001.htm [84] 杨明, 韩丽, 杨胜, 等. 基于传统丸、散剂特点的中药粒子设计技术研究[J]. 中草药, 2012, 43(1): 9-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYO201201003.htmYANG M, HAN L, YANG S, et al. Particles design technology for Chinese materia medica based on characteristics of traditional pill and powder[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 2012, 43(1): 9-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYO201201003.htm -
点击查看大图
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 70
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 12
- 被引次数: 0
