基于结构中药学思维的中药研究方法探讨——以外用中药为例

乔宏志; 陈熹; 陈军; 狄留庆

doi:10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2022.0970

基于结构中药学思维的中药研究方法探讨——以外用中药为例

doi: 10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2022.0970

乔宏志^1,,
陈熹²,
陈军^3, ,,
狄留庆¹

1.
南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏省中药高效给药系统工程技术研究中心, 江苏南京 210023
2.
南京大学生命科学学院, 江苏南京 210023
3.
江苏省中医外用药开发与应用工程研究中心, 江苏南京 210023

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 82274220

中央本级重大增减支项目 2060302-1907-04

江苏省高等学校自然科学研究重大项目 20KJA360004

江苏省六大人才高峰项目 SWYY-057

详细信息

作者简介:
乔宏志, 男, 副教授, 主要从事结构中药学研究, E-mail: qiaohz@njucm.edu.cn

陈军, 教授, 博士生导师, 美国堪萨斯大学访问学者, 江苏省青蓝工程中青年学术带头人, 国家中医药管理局重点学科南京中医药大学中药药剂学科后备带头人, 世界中医药联合会经皮给药委员会副秘书长，民进江苏省委医卫体育委员会副主任，主要从事中药经皮给药制剂和中药脂质体的研究

通讯作者:
陈军，男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事中药外用研究，E-mail: chenjun75@njucm.edu.cn

中图分类号: R285
计量
- 文章访问数: 147
- HTML全文浏览量: 7
- PDF下载量: 35
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-19
- 发布日期: 2022-11-10

The Perspective of the Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Structural Chinese Medicine: Taking the External Use of TCM as An Example

1.
School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
2.
School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
3.
Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China

摘要

摘要: 物质在不同尺度的聚集状态是决定其性质的关键因素。结构中药学是以中药中天然存在的或经加工形成的聚集态为对象, 研究其组成结构特征、形成机制、体内命运及其功能关联性的中药学新兴交叉领域。相较于中药传统的分子层次研究, 结构中药学的研究对象具有跨尺度、异质性、多效应的特点, 是从介观视角和空间维度对中药药效物质和起效机制的再认识和再研究。中药外用是中医传承千年的用药特色, 但其科学内涵缺乏深入的阐释。笔者以外用中药为例分析了目前中药研究中存在的共性和个性问题, 并提出基于结构中药学思维的研究路径, 以期为相关领域提供参考。
- 结构中药学 /
- 中药外用 /
- 药效物质 /
- 团簇 /
- 聚集体 /
- 相分离 /
- 囊泡 /
- 炭药 /
- 作用机制
Abstract: The aggregation state of matter at different scales is the key factor to determine its properties. Structural Chinese medicine is a new cross field of Chinese medicine to study the composition and structure characteristics, formation mechanism, fate in vivo and functional correlation of clusters and aggregates naturally existing or formed by processing in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Compared with the traditional molecular level research of TCM, the research objects of structural Chinese medicine have the characteristics of cross-scale, heterogeneity and multi-effect. It is a re-understanding and re-study of the pharmacodynamic substances and the effective mechanism of TCM from the mesoscopic perspective and spatial dimension. External use has been the characteristic of TCM for thousands of years, but lack of in-depth explanation. Taking the external use of TCM as an example, this paper analyzes the common and individual problems existing in the research of TCM, and puts forward the research path based on the thinking of structural Chinese medicine, in order to provide reference for the related fields.
- structural Chinese medicine /
- external use of traditional Chinese medicine /
- pharmacodynamic substance /
- clusters /
- aggregate /
- phase separation /
- vesicles /
- carbonized traditional Chinese medicine /
- mechanism of action

HTML全文

参考文献(38)

[1]	SHEN SW, LI XF, CULLEN WR, et al. Arsenic binding to proteins[J]. Chem Rev, 2013, 113(10): 7769-7792. doi: 10.1021/cr300015c
[2]	LI T, WANG PL, GUO WB, et al. Natural berberine-based Chinese herb medicine assembled nanostructures with modified antibacterial application[J]. ACS Nano, 2019, 13(6): 6770-6781. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01346
[3]	沈成英, 朱君君, 戴博, 等. 芍药甘草汤自组装纳米粒的形成及其对白芍主要成分释放和吸收的影响[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2021, 46(9): 2190-2196. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210222.301 SHEN CY, ZHU JJ, DAI B, et al. Effect of self-assembled nanoparticles from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction on release and absorption of main components of Baishao[J]. China J Chin Mater Med, 2021, 46(9): 2190-2196. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210222.301
[4]	乔宏志, 狄留庆, 平其能, 等. 结构中药学: 中药药效物质基础研究的新领域[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2021, 46(10): 2443-2448. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY202110008.htm QIAO HZ, DI LQ, PING QN, et al. Structural Chinese medicine: New research field on pharmacodynamic substance basis of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. China J Chin Mater Med, 2021, 46(10): 2443-2448. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY202110008.htm
[5]	冯哲, 薛博瑜, 叶放, 等. 病机十九条后"十六字"提示的病机辨治方法: 病机十九条应用模式与方法探微之二[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2019, 34(12): 5566-5569. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYY201912010.htm FENG Z, XUE BY, YE F, et al. Sixteen characters prompted pathogenesis diagnosis and treatment mode after the "nineteen provisions for pathogenesis": The second exploration of the application models and methods for "the nineteen provisions for pathogenesis"[J]. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm, 2019, 34(12): 5566-5569. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYY201912010.htm
[6]	陈仁泽. 张仲景外治法的文献及理论研究[D]. 北京: 北京中医药大学, 2010. CHEN RZ. Literature and theoretical research on Zhang zhongjing's external treatment[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 2010.
[7]	牛淑平, 朱长刚. 《理瀹骈文》中内服方的外用法[J]. 中医杂志, 1998, 39(12): 759. doi: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.1998.12.033 NIU SP, ZHU CG. The external usage of oral prescriptions in Rhymed Discourse on External Remedies[J]. J Tradit Chin Med, 1998, 39(12): 759. doi: 10.13288/j.11-2166/r.1998.12.033
[8]	张晓萍, 白莉, 李彩霞, 等. 2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》外用成方制剂作用特点分析[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2022, 28(7): 207-217. doi: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220741 ZHANG XP, BAI L, LI CX, et al. Application characteristics of prescription preparations for external use in Chinese pharmacopoeia 2020 edition[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formul, 2022, 28(7): 207-217. doi: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20220741
[9]	陈军, 梁秉文, 乔鹏丽, 等. 中药外用制剂研究概述与展望[J]. 南京中医药大学学报, 2022, 38(1): 1-8. doi: 10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2022.0001 CHEN J, LIANG BW, QIAO PL, et al. External preparations of traditional Chinese medicines: Overview and future direction[J]. J Nanjing Univ Tradit Chin Med, 2022, 38(1): 1-8. doi: 10.14148/j.issn.1672-0482.2022.0001
[10]	陈运. 生肌玉红膏祛腐生肌与促进创面愈合的临床及实验研究[D]. 南京: 南京中医药大学, 2012. CHEN Y. Shengji Yuhong plaster cured rot myogenic and promote wound healing clinical and experimental research[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 2012.
[11]	冯鑫, 周永梅, 房德敏. 中药对伤口愈合干预作用的机理研究[J]. 辽宁中医杂志, 2015, 42(8): 1498-1501. doi: 10.13192/j.issn.1000-1719.2015.08.048 FENG X, ZHOU YM, FANG DM. Study on mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine intervention effect on wound healing[J]. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med, 2015, 42(8): 1498-1501. doi: 10.13192/j.issn.1000-1719.2015.08.048
[12]	宋如珺, 韩赟, 沈多荣, 等. 叶天士《临证指南医案》中鲜药应用的规律及特色探讨[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2019, 36(19): 2402-2404. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYD201919007.htm SONG RJ, HAN Y, SHEN DR, et al. Discussions on the application rules and characteristics of fresh medicines in ye tianshi's clinic guidline of medical records[J]. Chin J Mod Appl Pharm, 2019, 36(19): 2402-2404. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYD201919007.htm
[13]	王雪, 彭孟凡, 刘浩哲, 等. 《中华本草》中鲜药特点及应用分析[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2021, 41(13): 1356-1361. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYZ202113016.htm WANG X, PENG MF, LIU HZ, et al. Characteristics and application analysis of fresh herbs in Chinese Materia Medica[J]. Chin J Hosp Pharm, 2021, 41(13): 1356-1361. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYZ202113016.htm
[14]	张瑾, 李秀敏, 苗明三. 基于数据挖掘的中药鲜药临床应用特点分析[J]. 中药药理与临床, 2021, 37(6): 181-185. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYYL202106036.htm ZHANG J, LI XM, MIAO MS. Analysis of application characteristics of fresh Chinese medicine based on data mining[J]. Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med, 2021, 37(6): 181-185. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYYL202106036.htm
[15]	LI XY, LIANG Z, DU JC, et al. Herbal decoctosome is a novel form of medicine[J]. Sci China Life Sci, 2019, 62(3): 333-348. doi: 10.1007/s11427-018-9508-0
[16]	彭孟凡, 田硕, 刘保松, 等. 中西药外治机制和特点分析[J]. 中医学报, 2018, 33(12): 2323-2328. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNZK201812011.htm PENG MF, TIAN S, LIU BS, et al. Mechanism and characteristic analysis of integrative medicine external therapy[J]. Acta Chin Med, 2018, 33(12): 2323-2328. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNZK201812011.htm
[17]	顾琦, 魏旭超, 刘露, 等. 基于网络药理学探讨辛热中药挥发油外用的药效物质基础及潜在分子机制[J]. 中草药, 2021, 52(5): 1383-1392. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYO202105019.htm GU Q, WEI XC, LIU L, et al. Pharmacodynamic material basis and potential molecular mechanism for external use of essential oils from "hot" pungent Chinese materia medica based on network pharmacology[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 2021, 52(5): 1383-1392. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYO202105019.htm
[18]	ZHOU WL, YANG SL, LI BW, et al. Why wild giant pandas frequently roll in horse manure[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2020, 117(51): 32493-32498.
[19]	徐风, 杨东辉, 尚明英, 等. 中药药效物质的"显效形式""叠加作用"和"毒性分散效应": 由中药体内代谢研究引发的思考[J]. 世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 2014, 16(4): 688-703. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJKX201404003.htm XU F, YANG DH, SHANG MY, et al. Effective forms, additive effect, and toxicities scattering effect of pharmacodynamic substances of TCMs some reflections evoked by the study on the metabolic disposition of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM)[J]. Mod Tradit Chin Med Mater Med World Sci Technol, 2014, 16(4): 688-703. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJKX201404003.htm
[20]	GAO Y, WANG JB. Commentary: Indirect action pattern: A remote and cross-organ pharmacological mechanism for drug innovation[J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2022, 12(8): 3448-3450.
[21]	王伽伯, 肖小河. 中药的间接调控作用与间接作用型中药的创新发展[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2021, 46(21): 5443-5449. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY202121001.htm WANG JB, XIAO XH. On indirect actions of Chinese medicines and innovation of indirect-acting Chinese medicines[J]. China J Chin Mater Med, 2021, 46(21): 5443-5449. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGZY202121001.htm
[22]	李思敏, 何凤军, 秦琳茜, 等. 药食两用植物细胞外囊泡样纳米粒的制备和性能研究[J]. 药学学报, 2021, 56(8): 2086-2092. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXXB202108008.htm LI SM, HE FJ, QIN LX, et al. Preparation and properties of extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles from medicinal and edible plants[J]. Acta Pharm Sin, 2021, 56(8): 2086-2092. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXXB202108008.htm
[23]	赵梦, 李思敏, 张蕾, 等. 植物来源囊泡及其生物医学应用研究进展[J]. 药学学报, 2021, 56(8): 2039-2047, 2036. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXXB202108004.htm ZHAO M, LI SM, ZHANG L, et al. Research progress of plant-derived vesicles and their biomedical applications[J]. Acta Pharm Sin, 2021, 56(8): 2039-2047, 2036. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXXB202108004.htm
[24]	CONG MH, TAN SY, LI SM, et al. Technology insight: Plant-derived vesicles-How far from the clinical biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug carriers?[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2022, 182: 114108.
[25]	ZHOU Z, LI XH, LIU JX, et al. Honeysuckle-encoded atypical microRNA2911 directly targets influenza A viruses[J]. Cell Res, 2015, 25(1): 39-49.
[26]	CHEN Q, ZHANG F, DONG L, et al. SIDT1-dependent absorption in the stomach mediates host uptake of dietary and orally administered microRNAs[J]. Cell Res, 2021, 31(3): 247-258.
[27]	贺玉婷, 樊启猛, 石继连, 等. 中药炭药的临床应用及止血作用机制研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2021, 27(7): 201-208. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSFX202107029.htm HE YT, FAN QM, SHI JL, et al. Advances in clinical application and hemostatic mechanism of charcoal drugs of Chinese materia Medica[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formul, 2021, 27(7): 201-208. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSFX202107029.htm
[28]	YAO L, ZHAO MM, LUO QW, et al. Carbon quantum dots-based nanozyme from coffee induces cancer cell ferroptosis to activate antitumor immunity[J]. ACS Nano, 2022, 16(6): 9228-9239.
[29]	LIU GC, ZHENG H, JIANG ZX, et al. Formation and physicochemical characteristics of nano biochar: Insight into chemical and colloidal stability[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2018, 52(18): 10369-10379.
[30]	LEE H, KIM S, HWANG KS, et al. Effect of carbon nanomaterial dimension on the functional activity and degeneration of neurons[J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 279: 121232.
[31]	HUANG XM, WANG PL, LI T, et al. Self-assemblies based on traditional medicine berberine and cinnamic acid for adhesion-induced inhibition multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12(1): 227-237.
[32]	QI Y, DING L, ZHANG SW, et al. A plant immune protein enables broad antitumor response by rescuing microRNA deficiency[J]. Cell, 2022, 185(11): 1888-1904.
[33]	CLEMENS MM, KENNON-MCGILL S, VAZQUEZ JH, et al. Exogenous phosphatidic acid reduces acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice by activating hepatic interleukin-6 signaling through inter-organ crosstalk[J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2021, 11(12): 3836-3846.
[34]	MINHAS PS, LATIF-HERNANDEZ A, MCREYNOLDS MR, et al. Restoring metabolism of myeloid cells reverses cognitive decline in ageing[J]. Nature, 2021, 590(7844): 122-128.
[35]	ZHANG J, HU KL, DI LQ, et al. Traditional herbal medicine and nanomedicine: Converging disciplines to improve therapeutic efficacy and human health[J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2021, 178: 113964.
[36]	田硕, 许二平, 武晏屹, 等. 体表机制: 中药外治机制新思考[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2021, 36(8): 4433-4438. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYY202108002.htm TIAN S, XU EP, WU YY, et al. Mechanism of the body surface: New thinking on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine external treatment[J]. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm, 2021, 36(8): 4433-4438. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BXYY202108002.htm
[37]	FERNANDES NETO JM, NADAL E, BOSDRIESZ E, et al. Multiple low dose therapy as an effective strategy to treat EGFR inhibitor-resistant NSCLC tumours[J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 3157.
[38]	HU Y, YANG Y, TAN P, et al. Induction of mouse totipotent stem cells by a defined chemical cocktail[J/OL]. Nature, 2022: 1-47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04967-9.